Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in livers of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from San Francisco Bay,California and Gulf of Maine |
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| Authors: | June-Soo Park Olga Ioanna Kalantzi Dianne Kopec Myrto Petreas |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave., Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA;1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;1. Center of Toxicology, IPA – Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bürkle de la Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany;2. Department of Environmental Health, THL – National Institute for Health and Welfare, 70701 Kuopio, Finland;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;4. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;5. Center for Health Protection, RIVM - National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;1. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain;2. Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis – CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, Nice, France;3. Urals Federal University, Lenina Ave 51, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia;1. Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan;2. Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-cho 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;3. The Eastern-Siberian Scientific and Production Fisheries Center, “VOSTSIBRYBCENTER”, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia 670034, Russia;4. Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia 670047, Russia;1. Projet Coati, I3S (CNRS, UNSA) and INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France;2. Simon Fraser University, PIMS, UMI 3069, CNRS, Canada;3. Departments of Mathematics and Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada;4. Laboratoire d’Informatique Fondamentale d’Orléans, Université d’Orléans, France;1. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 6000, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 4B2;2. University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6;3. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 7801 Phillips Road SW, Lakewood, WA 98498, USA;4. Cascadia Research, 218 ½ West 4th, Olympia, WA 98501, USA |
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| Abstract: | Bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in marine mammals positioned at the top of the food chain is of toxicological concern. Livers from four pups and ten adult harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) stranded in San Francisco Bay (SFB) and the Gulf of Maine (GOM) were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). We used GC–ECD and GC–NCI/MS to investigate the presence of 28 PCBs and 8 OH-PCB metabolites, respectively. Σ28PCB concentrations (di- to octa-CBs) ranged from 1.81 to 35.9 μg/g lipid with a median of 6.53 for the seal pups and 2.31 to 249 μg/g lipid with a median of 28.9 for the adult seals. Σ8OH-PCB concentrations (penta- to hepta-OH-PCBs) ranged from 0.02 to 0.69 μg/g lipid with a median of 0.04 for the adult seals, i.e., at much lower concentrations than those for PCBs. Ratios of OH-PCBs to PCBs (0.24% on average) were comparable to those in beluga whale, but were lower than ratios in human livers. The OH-PCB profiles were slightly different between SFB and GOM seal livers, although similar PCB congener patterns were observed. Generally, 4-OH-CB107 was found predominantly in seal livers and was the only OH-PCB detectable in most of seal pup livers. This study provides information on OH-PCBs in seals, adding to the scarce exposure data for these chemicals. |
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