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| 基于社会学视角的江河源区草地生态系统变化和影响因素研 | |
| 引用本文： | 方一平,秦大河,邓茂芝,葛中全.基于社会学视角的江河源区草地生态系统变化和影响因素研[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):73-81. |
| 作者姓名： | 方一平 秦大河 邓茂芝 葛中全 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都,610041 2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 3. 中国气象科学研究院,北京,100081 4. 电子科技大学管理学院,成都,610054 |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目，冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目 |
| 摘 要： | 将社会学研究思想扩充到自然科学研究，用个体行为的局部微观感应和认知来推演资源环境这一极具自然－社会－经济系统综合性的全局宏观规律，是一个值得探讨的研究方向。利用社会问卷调查方法以及文献综述，结合已有的自然科学研究成果，通过长江黄河源区案例分析，获得以下结论：（1）江河源区气候变暖，雪灾等灾害气候增加。（2）包括草地围栏、灭鼠、人工草地、定居畜棚建设等草地生态系统的人工正向干预不断增强，草地生态系统质量局部改善。（3）降水量变化增减不明显，但植被生长季节、尤其夏季干化趋势增强、水资源呈现减少的趋势。（4）气候变化构成了草地退化的主要驱动因素，草地鼠害以及采挖虫草、不合理放牧等人类活动对草地退化的影响逐渐突显。对此，有以下启示：（1）江河源区气候变化已是基本事实，源区生态系统特有的脆弱性和敏感性，以及气候变化减缓空间有限性，凸显了适应科学研究和适应能力构建的战略性和迫切性。（2）尽管气候变化构成了源区草地退化的主要驱动因素，但调整该区不合理的人类活动对草地退化的减缓同等重要。（3）草地生态系统的人工正向干预是维护草地生态系统功能的重要手段，是较长时期内草地生态系统质量改善的有效途径。 |
| 关 键 词： | 江河源区 环境变化 社会视角 启示 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-06-23; |
Change and affecting element of grassland ecosystem in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers based on sociological perspective |
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| FANG Yi-ping , QIN Da-he , DENG Mao-zhi , GE Zhong-quan.Change and affecting element of grassland ecosystem in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers based on sociological perspective[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):73-81. | |
| Authors: | FANG Yi-ping QIN Da-he DENG Mao-zhi GE Zhong-quan |
| Institution: | 1 Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;2 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;3 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Seience,Beijing 100081,China;4 School of Management and Economics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,Sichuan,China) |
| Abstract: | the integration of sociological and physical methods is an important direction for environmental change research.It is an inevitable approach to induction overall and macroscopic law of nature-society-economic system by individual behavior cognition based on sociology.Because climate change is a social problem as much as it is a physical one;purely technical responses to climate change will not address the complex social,cultural,and behavioral changes that must occur if humans are to successfully confront the potential complex environmental challenges ahead.Growing scientific and governmental acknowledgment that human activity and social behaviors are key drivers of climate change underscores the critical role of social science in advancing,understanding,and designing strategies for responding to global climate change.Sociologists have a valuable array of perspectives,theories,methods,and tools to bring to the study of global climate change.It is important for sociologists to engage with the broader community of scholars,policy experts,and officials conducting climate change research and agenda setting activities.We used the integrated methods of questionnaire survey and existing research literatures based on a physical science in recent years.The questionnaire survey was conducted in 6 counties and 119 villages faced to local herdsman in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.A 340 sampling questionnaire was used to gather relative information.In research and analysis,we highlighted the integration knowledge of the biological,physical,and social sciences to help understand complex grassland ecosystem management problems under climate change context.Authors also addressed the critical linkages between people and grassland interactions across ecosystem.Main conclusions as follows:(1) Climate warming,and the frequency of snow disaster increasing,from survey figures,above 97% herdsman thought the climate warmed up in the winter,and the percent of thought snow disaster increasing is above 75%;(2) Strengthening the artificial positive intervention of grassland ecosystem(artificial intervention including pasture fence,livestock shed,pasture deratization,and artificial pasture construction),and quality of grassland ecosystem improvement;(3) The fluctuation of precipitation change is not obvious,it is significant decline of precipitation and surface water resource in the vegetative season,especially in summer;(4) The climatic change have played important role in grassland degeneration,and the rat damage as well as excavates the Dong Chong Xia Cao(Cordyceps sineusis) and unreasonable herding activities deepening the degeneration of grassland ecosystem.On the other hand,we obtained following main reflections in light of comprehensive analysis:(1) In the climatic change research,the overlapping between social and natural sciences is necessary,it is also the inevitable trend.(2) The climate warm already became the fact,therefore,it is very necessary to research adaptation and build the capacity of adaptation of climate change.Because of the capacity limit of mitigation of climate change,and sensitivity and vulnerability of grassland ecosystem in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.(3) Although the climatic change constituted the main drivers of grassland degeneration,but it is the equally important to adjust the unreasonable human activities in order to maintain ecosystem in this areas;(4) Artificial positive intervention is also important means and efficient path to maintain the function,to improve quality of grassland ecosystem in the long term. |
| Keywords: | source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers environmental change sociological perspective reflection |
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