| 中国直立人变异的初步研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴新智,尚虹.中国直立人变异的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2002,22(1):20-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴新智 尚虹 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京,100044 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :4 9972 0 1 1 ) |
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| 摘 要： | 已发现的化石表现中国直立人的分布北至39°41′N,南至25°45′N,东达118°09′E,西抵101°55′E。中更新世可供比较的重要化石有周口店、和县及汤山的头骨,周口店、陈家窝及和县的下颌骨;早更新世有公王岭和郧县曲远河口的头骨,元谋和郧县梅铺的门牙。比较的结果显示各地的化石之间有同也有异,目前还没有足够的证据表明各地点化石之间的变异足以表现那时中国的人类可以像现代和新石器时代那样划分为南、北两大人群。中国的直立人有许多形态特征与中国的化石智人一致,个别标本还有个别特征与中国大多数标本不同,却在西方有较多的出现,这些现象支持中国古人类“连续进化附带杂交”的假说。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 直立人 变异 |
| 收稿时间： | 2001-10-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年10月15 |
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE VARIATIONS OF HOMO ERECTUS IN CHINA |
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| Wu\ Xinzhi,Shang\ Hong.PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE VARIATIONS OF HOMO ERECTUS IN CHINA[J].Quaternary Sciences,2002,22(1):20-28. |
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| Authors: | Wu\ Xinzhi Shang\ Hong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 |
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| Abstract: | Until present there are many fossils belonging to Homo erectus found in China. The north limit of the distribution is 39°41′N (ZKD); south limit, 25°45′N (Yuanmou); east, 118°09′E (Yiyuan); west, 101°55′E (Yuanmou). ZKD, Tangshan, Hexian, Chenjiawo, Yiyuan, Nanzhao, Yunxi and Luonan belong to Middle Pleistocene; Yuanmou, Gongwangling, Quyuan River Mouth, Meipu and Jianshi, to Early Pleistocene. Among the important Middle Pleistocene sites Tangshan and Hexian are in the south part of China, ZKD and Chenjiawo in the north. ZKD and Hexian have yielded skulls and mandibles, Tangshan , only skulls, Chenjiawo only a mandible. Skulls of ZKD are different from that of Hexian in having lower cranial index, higher curvature of the frontal bone, more post orbital constriction, less curved superior orbital margin, presence of the supraorbital process, lower pyramids of temporal bone, parietal bone shorter than the frontal bone, coronal contour viewed from behind bun like instead of quadrangular in shape etc. Tangshan skulls are closer to those from ZKD than to that of Hexian in all of these above mentioned features except the height of the pyramid because of the lack of this part of specimen. Skulls of Hexian and Tangshan are similar in not having a wide chignon at the occipital region which presented in ZKD skulls. So all of these could not be the markers dividing the Middle Pleistocene population of China into a northern and a southern one. Tangshan skull No.1 is different from those of ZKD in possessing more developed marginal process of zygomatic bone, absence of severe constriction around the fronto zygomatic suture, presence of narrow ridge along the internasal suture, surface bulge between the pyriforme orifice and the orbit, more protruding nasal saddle and much bigger difference between the breadth of the upper and lower margins of the nasal bone etc. But all of these differences could not be checked in Hexian skull because of the lack of corresponding parts in that specimen. New specimens are needed to investigate more information on the variations of Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus in China. Comparison between mandibles from ZKD, Chenjiawo and Hexian, and between skulls from Gongwangling and Yunxian, and among teeth from different sites have also been made. All the comparisons show obvious population differences but provide no evidence to divide the Pleistocene populations in China into a northern group and a southern one like the situations in neolithic age and present day. The protruding nasal saddle of Yunxian skull No.2 and Tangshan skull No.1, the surface bulge between the pyriforme orifice and the orbit in the latter specimen as well as the presence of the mid sagittal prominence in Tangshan skull No.2 instead of a ridge are extraordinary features in fossil humans of China, but these features could be much more frequently seen in fossil humans of Africa and Europe especially in the Neanderthal lineage. The fortuitous occurence of these features in Homo erectus of China indicates the probably small amounts of gene flow between Oriental and West regions of the world in the Pleistocene. In addition, there are many other morphological features of Homo erectus fossils in China shared with Homo sapiens fossils of China such as quadrangular shape of the orbit, a nearly horizontal curved suture formed with naso frontal and fronto maxillary sutures, more forward facing of the antero lateral surface of fronto sphenoidal process of the zygomatic bone, curved lower margin of the bones of cheek region, the presence of a mid sagittal ridge on the frontal bone, shovel shaped upper incisor etc. The presence of these features in both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens fossil skulls in China supports the continuity in human evolution of China. In sum, this preliminary study on the morphological variation of Homo erectus in China supports the hypothesis continuity with hybridization, advocating that continuity marks the main process of human evolution in China in which g |
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| Keywords: | China Homo erectus variation |
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