Variation and uncertainty in evaporation from a subtropical estuary: Florida Bay |
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| Authors: | René M Price William K Nuttle Bernard J Cosby Peter K Swart |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Earth Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center,Florida International University,Miami;2.Eco-Hydrology,Ottawa,Canada;3.Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Virginia,Charlottesville;4.Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences,Marine Geology and Geophysics, University of Miami,Miami |
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| Abstract: | Variation and uncertainty in estimated evaporation was determined over time and between two locations in Florida Bay, a subtropical
estuary. Meteorological data were collected from September 2001 to August 2002 at Rabbit Key and Butternut Key within the
Bay. Evaporation was estimated using both vapor flux and energy budget methods. The results were placed into a long-term context
using 33 years of temperature and rainfall data collected in south Florida. Evaporation also was estimated from this long-term
data using an empirical formula relating evaporation to clear sky solar radiation and air temperature. Evaporation estimates
for the 12-mo period ranged from 144 to 175 cm yr−1, depending on location and method, with an average of 163 cm yr−1 (±9%). Monthly values ranged from 9.2 to 18.5 cm, with the highest value observed in May, corresponding with the maximum
in measured net radiation. Uncertainty estimates derived from measurement errors in the data were as much as 10%, and were
large enough to obscure differences in evaporation between the two sites. Differences among all estimates for any month indicate
the overall uncertainty in monthly evaporation, and ranged from 9% to 26%. Over a 33-yr period (1970–2002), estimated annual
evaporation from Florida Bay ranged from 148 to 181 cm yr−1, with an average of 166 cm yr−1. Rainfall was consistently lower in Florida Bay than evaporation, with a long-term average of 106 cm yr−1. Rainfall considered alone was uncorrelated with evaporation at both monthly and annual time scales; when the seasonal variation
in clear sky radiation was also taken into account both net radiation and evaporation were significantly suppressed in months
with high rainfall. |
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