Groundwater control of mangrove surface elevation: Shrink and swell varies with soil depth |
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| Authors: | Kevin R T Whelan Thomas J Smith Donald R Cahoon James C Lynch Gordon H Anderson |
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| Institution: | (1) USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA;(2) U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-EAST Building #308, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;(3) Present address: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, USA;(4) Present address: School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 15018, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA;(5) Present address: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA |
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| Abstract: | We measured monthly soil surface elevation change and determined its relationship to groundwater changes at a mangrove forest
site along Shark River, Everglades National Park, Florida. We combined the use of an original design, surface elevation table
with new rod-surface elevation tables to separately track changes in the mid zone (0–4 m), the shallow root zone (0–0.35 m),
and the full sediment profile (0–6 m) in response to site hydrology (daily river stage and daily groundwater piezometric pressure).
We calculated expansion and contraction for each of the four constituent soil zones (surface accretion and erosion; above
0 m], shallow zone 0–0.35 m], middle zone 0.35–4 m], and bottom zone 4–6]) that comprise the entire soil column. Changes
in groundwater pressure correlated strongly, with changes in soil elevation for the entire profile (Adjusted R2 = 0.90); this relationship was not proportional to the depth of the soil profile sampled. The change in thickness of the
bottom soil zone accounted for the majority (R2 = 0.63) of the entire soil profile expansion and contraction. The influence of hydrology on specific soil zones and absolute
elevation change must be considered when evaluating the effect of disturbances, sea level rise, and water management decisions
on coastal wetland systems. |
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