Diel Vertical Migration of the Marine Cladoceran Podon Leuckarti: Variations with Reproductive Stage |
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| Authors: | Hiroaki Saito Hiroshi Hattori |
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| Institution: | (1) Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, 116 Katsura-koi, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 085-0802, Japan;(2) Hokkaido Tokai University, Minami-ku, Sapporo, 005-8601, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Diel vertical migration (DVM) of the marine cladoceran Podon leuckarti was investigated with reference to their reproductive stages and size. Males and females, except for gamogenic females with an advanced resting egg (GA), aggregated at the near-bottom layer or at the surface during the day and dispersed into the water column at night. Both the near-bottom aggregation and the surface aggregation during daytime are suggested to be behavior that reduces the predation risk from visual predators. However, GA aggregated in the near-bottom layer during daytime and avoided the surface layer. The near-bottom aggregation might be more effective behavior for GAs to reduce risk of visual predation than the surface aggregation because of the conspicuous resting egg they carried. These results show that carrying an advanced resting egg influenced the DVM of P. leuckarti. |
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| Keywords: | Podon leukarti diel vertical migration resting egg predation avoidance visibility |
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