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| 周口店田园洞洞穴发育与充填序列探讨 | |
| 引用本文： | 李潇丽,高立红,张双权.周口店田园洞洞穴发育与充填序列探讨[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(6):1098-1105. |
| 作者姓名： | 李潇丽 高立红 张双权 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 北京自然博物馆,北京,100050 2. 北京自然博物馆,北京,100050;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049 3. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京,100044;中国科学院人类演化与环境动因实验室,北京,100044 |
| 基金项目： | 北京市自然科学基金项目 |
| 摘 要： | 周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址。该遗址经过两次发掘,出土了34件古人类化石和大量哺乳动物化石,是中国目前从人类化石本身所测得的最早现代人遗址。田园洞地处华北地台北部的燕山板内(陆内)构造带西南缘,发育于中元古界蓟县系薄层碳酸盐岩地层内。周围褶皱和次级断裂发育,岩脉侵入和片理化作用明显,为地下水的水平和垂直运动提供了大量不同级序和不同形式的通道,提高了岩石的透水性,有利于岩溶的发育。田园洞的形成以岩溶裂隙水垂直渗流方式沿岩脉和节理裂隙溶蚀而成。洞内地层对比和岩石矿物分析显示洞穴经历了洞穴发育期-快速堆积期-稳定沉积期-充填完成期的充填过程。动物化石和古人类化石属原地埋藏,古人类活动于角砾层快速堆积期。田园洞古人类活动的时间处于距今4万年前的晚更新世M IS 3阶段,对探讨中国现代人起源具有重要意义。 |
| 关 键 词： | MIS 3阶段 洞穴发育 充填序列 现代人起源 田园洞 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-07-03 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008-08-20 |
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CAVE DEVELOPMENT AND FILLING SEQUENCE AT ZHOUKOUDIAN TIANYUAN CAVE |
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| Li Xiao-li,Gao Li-hong,Zhang Shuang-quan.PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CAVE DEVELOPMENT AND FILLING SEQUENCE AT ZHOUKOUDIAN TIANYUAN CAVE[J].Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(6):1098-1105. | |
| Authors: | Li Xiao-li Gao Li-hong Zhang Shuang-quan |
| Institution: | 1. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; 3. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044; 4. Laboratory of Human Evolution and Environmental Dynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 |
| Abstract: | The Tianyuan Cave site,which was discovered in 2001,is an important paleo-anthropological site of Late Pleistocene in China.It is located at the Tianyuan Tree Farm,Zhoukoudian Town,Fangshan County,Beijing(latitude 39°39′28″N,longitude 115°52′17″E,174.5m above sea level),6km southwest of the Middle and Late Pleistocene Paleoanthropological sites at Zhoukoudian.The site was investigated and excavated in 2003 and 2004 by a team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A large number of human fossils(34 pieces)and mammalian fossils(39 species have been identified with cervids dominating,including Cervus elaphus,Cervus nippon,and Moschus moschiferus)were unearthed.The skeleton dates to 42000～38500 calendrical years by using direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon,making it the oldest modern human skeleton from Eastern Eurasia and one of the oldest modern humans from the region.The Tianyuan Cave is located in the southwest margin of Yanshan Inner-Block Tectonic Belt,North China Platform.The cave was developed in the carbonatite of Jixian System of Middle Proterozoic.The well developed fold and proximate grade fault,as well as vein intrusion and schistosity,provide the many different order and form of passages in the adjoining rock,as a result,it increases the water permeability and form the base of the karst system.The Tianyuan Cave was formed by the fracture water dissolution along the vein and joint fracture with vertical vadose fashion.The contrast among the profiles and lithological analysis of the sediments indicate that the process of the cave filling undertook four different filling stages: cave developing stage(basal gravel bed)-quickly accumulating stage(breccia with clay)-stably depositing stage(debris with silt)-filling finish stage(speleothems interbeded with clay).The development of karst water between the floor adjoining rock and the upper layer indicated that the upper carbonate caliche was also formed in progress.It should be noted that the human fossils and mammalian fossils were mainly distributed in the layer 3 of breccia with clay sediments,which shows that the human activated in the cave took place in the quickly accumulating filling stage.MIS 3(Marine Isotope Stage 3)is a relatively warm and wet period during the Last Glacial.A large number of Paleoanthropological records from China and other regions indicate the intensified human activities during this period.Such a development is likely to have a correlation with the environmental change during MIS 3,which is characterized by a wet and warm climate.The dates of Tianyuan Cave show that the human activities took place in the MIS 3.It can be deduced that further study of Tianyuan Cave would bear great significances in the research of modern human origin and evolution in China,early human adaptive behaviors,as well as human living background in the Zhoukoudian region during MIS 3. |
| Keywords: | MIS 3 cave development filling sequence modern human origin Tianyuan Cave |
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