Lava discharge during Etna's January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI |
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Authors: | Mathieu Gouhier Andrew Harris Sonia Calvari Philippe Labazuy Yannick Guéhenneux Franck Donnadieu Sébastien Valade |
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Institution: | 1.Clermont Université,Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans,Clermont-Ferrand,France;2.CNRS, UMR 6524, LMV,Clermont-Ferrand,France;3.IRD, R 163, LMV,Clermont-Ferrand,France;4.Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,Catania,Italy |
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Abstract: | Etna's January 2011 eruption provided an excellent opportunity to test the ability of Meteosat Second Generation satellite's
Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to track a short-lived effusive event. The presence of lava
fountaining, the rapid expansion of lava flows, and the complexity of the resulting flow field make such events difficult
to track from the ground. During the Etna's January 2011 eruption, we were able to use thermal data collected by SEVIRI every
15 min to generate a time series of the syn-eruptive heat flux. Lava discharge waxed over a ~1-h period to reach a peak that
was first masked from the satellite view by a cold tephra plume and then was of sufficient intensity to saturate the 3.9-μm
channel. Both problems made it impossible to estimate time-averaged lava discharge rates using the syn-eruptive heat flux
curve. Therefore, through integration of data obtained by ground-based Doppler radar and thermal cameras, as well as ancillary
satellite data (from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), we developed
a method that allowed us to identify the point at which effusion stagnated, to allow definition of a lava cooling curve. This
allowed retrieval of a lava volume of ~1.2 × 106 m3, which, if emitted for 5 h, was erupted at a mean output rate of ~70 m3 s−1. The lava volume estimated using the cooling curve method is found to be similar to the values inferred from field measurements. |
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