Life in the sublittoral zone of long-lived Lake Pannon: paleontological analysis of the Upper Miocene Szák Formation,Hungary |
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| Authors: | István Cziczer Imre Magyar Radovan Pipík Madelaine Böhme Stjepan ?ori? Koraljka Bakra? Mária Süt?-Szentai Miklós Lantos Edit Babinszki Pál Müller |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Geology and Paleontology,University of Szeged,Szeged,Hungary;2.MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Plc,Budapest,Hungary;3.Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geological Institute,Banská Bystrica,Slovakia;4.Department on Earth- and Environmental Science, Section Palaeontology,Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich,Munich,Germany;5.Geological Survey of Austria,Vienna,Austria;6.Croatian Geological Survey,Zagreb,Croatia;7.Komló,Hungary;8.Geological Institute of Hungary,Budapest,Hungary |
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| Abstract: | Life and depositional environments in the sublittoral zone of Lake Pannon, a large, brackish Paratethyan lake from the Late
Miocene, were reconstructed from fossils and facies of the Szák Formation. This formation is exposed in several, roughly coeval
(9.4–8.9 Ma) outcrops, located along strike of the paleo-shelf-break in northwestern Hungary. The silty argillaceous marl
of the formation was deposited below storm wave base, at 20–30 to 80–90 m water depth. The abundance of benthic organisms
indicates that the bottom water was usually well oxygenated. Interstitial dysoxia, however, may have occurred immediately
below the sediment–water interface, as evidenced by occasional preservation of trace fossils such as Diplocraterion. The fauna comprised endemic mollusks, including brackish cockles of the subfamily Lymnocardiinae, dreissenid mussels (Congeria), and highly adapted, uniquely large-sized deep-water pulmonate snails (planorbids and lymnaeids). Ostracods were dominated
by endemic species and, in some cases, endemic genera of candonids, leptocytherids, cypridids, and loxoconchids. Fish remnants
include a sciaenid otolith and the oldest skeletal occurrence of Perca in Europe. The phytoplankton comprised exclusively endemic coccolithophorids, mostly endemic dinoflagellates (prevailingly
Spiniferites), and cosmopolitan green algae. The Late Miocene fauna and flora of Lake Pannon were in many ways similar to the modern Caspian
biota, and in particular cases can be regarded as its precursor. |
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