| 龙须菜配子体发育和不同品系四分孢子体四分孢子形成过程显微结构观察 |
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| 引用本文： | 米萍,隋正红,阙州,周伟,商二磊.龙须菜配子体发育和不同品系四分孢子体四分孢子形成过程显微结构观察[J].海洋学报,2017,39(8):99-114. |
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| 作者姓名： | 米萍 隋正红 阙州 周伟 商二磊 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国海洋大学 海洋生物遗传与育种教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（31372529）；鳌山科技创新计划课题（2015ASKJ02）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2016M590662）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 龙须菜配子体和四分孢子体在生殖结构的形成和发育的过程中，出现一系列的细胞形态和结构层面的变化。本实验以龙须菜雌雄配子体和不同品系龙须菜四分孢子体为实验材料，采用连续徒手切片的方法，观察龙须菜配子体发育和不同品系四分孢子体四分孢子形成过程。观察到，雌雄配子体发育经过幼苗期、毛细胞期、性成熟期，幼苗期和毛细胞期雌雄配子体间无明显差异，进入性成熟期后，产生生殖结构时才能将其区分开。四分孢子起源于四分孢子体表皮层细胞，初始为鲜红色直径约5~10 μm的细胞，逐渐生长形成成熟的直径约20~25 μm的四分孢子囊，并分裂为4个四分孢子聚集在四分孢子囊中，在藻体外，四分孢子释放变形成球形，龙须菜四分孢子的形成和发育过程伴随着髓部细胞中红藻淀粉颗粒的减少。其中"981"龙须菜形成较多的畸形四分孢子，可能是其表现低育的一个原因。龙须菜自基部到尖端的表皮层细胞层数、髓部细胞数目和体积均发生连续的变化。细胞连接广泛存在于龙须菜表皮层、皮层和髓部细胞之间，但各层细胞连接大小、数目、长度等都存在差异。释放的四分孢子可能会附着在四分孢子体上，固着器覆盖包绕四分孢子体甚至侵入到破损有伤口的四分孢子体内，形成四分孢子体和配子体在同一株上的世代混杂现象，这也可能是导致龙须菜表现遗传复杂性的原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 龙须菜 配子体 四分孢子体 生殖结构 显微观察 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/10/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/2/24 0:00:00 |
Microscopic observation of the reproductive development of gametophyte and tetrasporohyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) |
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| Mi Ping,Sui Zhenghong,Que Zhou,Zhou Wei and Shang Erlei.Microscopic observation of the reproductive development of gametophyte and tetrasporohyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica (in Chinese),2017,39(8):99-114. |
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| Authors: | Mi Ping Sui Zhenghong Que Zhou Zhou Wei and Shang Erlei |
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| Institution: | The Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China |
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| Abstract: | A series of cell morphology and structure changes were displayed during the development of reproductive structure of gametophyte and tetrasporaphyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. In this study, the gametophyte and different strains of tetrasporophyte were used to make continuous free hand section, in order to observe the development of the gametophyte and the formation of tetraspores in different strains of G. lemaneiformis. The result showed that the development of male and female gametophytes undertook seedling phage (SP), hair cell phage (HCP) and sexual mature phage (SMP). There was no significant difference between male and female gametophyte in SP and HCP. The male and female gametophyte were differentiable after entering SMP when the reproductive apparatus formed. The tetraspores were derived from the epidermal cells of tetrasprophyte, the initial tetrasporogonium was scarlet, and 5-10 μm in diameter. It later grew to 20-25 μm in diameter and became mature. The mature tetrasporogonium divided into four initial tetraspores gathered together, and then the tetraspores were released out of the matrix and became globular. During the development of tetraspores, the density of floridean starch granules decreased in medullary part. Cultivar 981 formed more deformed tetraspores, which may be one of the reasons leading to the low fertility of cultivar 981. The layers of epidermal cells, the numbers and the volume of medullary cells changed continuously from the basal to the tip part. Pit connections existed wildly in the epidermal, cortical and medullary cells, however varying by size, numbers and length between different layers. The released tetraspores were observed attaching on the tetrasporophyte, and the holdfast grew to cover the tetrasporophyte or invaded into the wound tissue of tetrasporophyte, which may cause gametophyte and tetrasporophyte generation promiscuous and lead to the genetic complexity of G. lemaneiformis. |
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| Keywords: | Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis gametophyte tetrasporophyte reproductive apparatus microscopic observation |
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