Vorratsberechnung von Erdöl- und Erdgas-Lagerstätten |
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Authors: | Prof Dr Walter Rühl |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Strandtreppe 15, D-2000 Hamburg 55 |
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Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Als Grundlage für die Berechnung des Öl- und Gasinhalts werden die geologischen Faktoren (Petrophysik, Porosität, Permeabilität, Haftwasser, Porenverteilung, Nettomächtigkeit, Strukturfläche) sowie die Eigenschaften des Poreninhalts (Phasenbeziehungen) beschrieben. Neben den daraus abzuleitenden statischen Methoden sind aber auch dynamische Methoden des Druck- und Förderverhaltens für die Inhaltsberechnung geeignet (Material-Balance-Prinzip). Die vom Poreninhalt gewinnbaren Öl- und Gasmengen werden mittels dynamischer Verfahren und Modellstudien mittels Computer berechnet. Beispiele an Ölfeldern und Ölfeldbereichen der Bundesrepublik erläutern die Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Lagerstätten-Eigenschaften und deren Energie-Verhalten auf die gewinnbaren Reserven, die bei hochviskosen Ölen bei etwa 15–25%, bei niedrigviskosen Ölen bei etwa 30–75%, bei Erdgasen bei etwa 50–80% Entölungs- bzw. Entgasungsgrad liegen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei technischer Fortschritt und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen. Am Beispiel der Welt wird gezeigt, daß von den etwa 420 Mrd. t Ölinhalt in allen bekannten Ölfeldern zur Zeit etwa 140 Mrd. t gewinnbar sind, die sich um weitere 110 Mrd. t erhöhen lassen, wenn die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen in Zukunft den Einsatz neuer technischer Verfahren erlauben.
The geological factors (petrophysics, porosity, permeability, connate water, pore configuration, net pay, productive area) as well as the properties of the pore filling (phase relations) used for determination of the OIP and the GIP are described. Apart from static methods to be derived from these factors, dynamic methods based on the pressure and production behavior can be used for this purpose (principle of material balance). The oil and gas volumes to be recovered from the pore space are calculated by means of dynamic methods and model studies. Oil fields and oil provinces of the Federal Republic of Germany serve as examples to illustrate the effects of the different reservoir charcteristics and the respective energy behavior on the recoverable reserves. The oil or gas recovery factor is about 15–25% with highly viscous oils, about 25–65% with oils of low viscosity and about 50–80% with natural gases. Technical progress and economic factors are of special importance in this connection. It is shown that in addition to the about 140 billion t of oil presently recoverable from worldwide reserves of all known oil fields of about 420 billion t, recovery of another 140 billion t would be possible in future if new technical methods could be applied under the given economic conditions.
Résumé Sont décrit comme base du calcul de l'huile et du gaz en place les facteurs géologiques (pétrophysique, porosité, perméabilité, eau interstitielle, répartition des pores, épaisseur nette, surface du gisement) ainsi que les propriétés du contenu des pores (relations de phases). Outre les méthodes statiques en dérivées, se prêtent au calcul du contenu en huile ou en gaz aussi des méthodes dynamiques du comportement de pression/production (balance volumétrique). Les quantités de l'huile ou de gaz récoupérables du contenu des pores sont déterminées par des méthodes dynamiques et par des études modèle à l'aide de computer. Des exemples concernant des champs pétrolifères dans la République Fédérale d'Allemagne expliquent les effets des divers propriétés de gisements et leur comportement énergétique sur les ressources récoupérables dont le facteur de récupération de l'huile/du gaz est d'environ 15 à 25% dans le cas des huiles très visqueuses d'environ 25 à 65% dans le cas des huiles de basse viscosité, et d'environ 50 à 80% dans le cas des gaz naturels. A ce propos, le progrès technologique et les conditions économiques sont d'une importance particulière. L'exemple du monde entier montre que de la quantité de 420 milliards de tonnes de l'huile en place dans tous les champs pétrolifères connus, 140 milliards de tonnes environ sont récupérables à présent. Cette quantité pourrait être augmentée encore par 140 milliards de tonnes si les conditions économiques à l'avenir permettent l'emploi de nouvelles techniques.
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![gcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) , ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![zhcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1078.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1075.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1102.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shchcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1097.gif) ![softcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1101.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) -![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![shcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1096.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1053.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![fcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1092.gif) ![yacy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1103.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![bcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![jcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1081.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![Fcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1060.gif) ![Rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1056.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1073.gif) ![hardcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1098.gif) ![yacy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1103.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1103.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![jcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1081.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![zhcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) , ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) , ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![fcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1092.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![gcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1075.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) , ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![shchcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1097.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ; ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1103.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![fcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1092.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) 15–25%, ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![fcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1092.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yacy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) 25–65 % ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![gcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) — 50–80 %, ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1079.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![khcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1101.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1053.gif) ![pcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1087.gif) 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![iecy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![shchcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1097.gif) ![ncy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1085.gif) 140 ![mcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![lcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1088.gif) ![dcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/mrh06q042m422027/xxlarge1086.gif) .
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