The relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status among Texas school children and its spatial variation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Department of Therapeutic Radiobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;1. Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA;3. Unidad Morelia del Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales-UNAM. Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico;4. Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany;5. FS-SCS, Deutsches Elecktronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany;6. Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany;7. Departamento de Física, ESFM-IPN, Ed. 9, UPALM-Zacatenco, México D.F, Mexico;1. Department of Animal, Rangeland & Wildlife Science, Dick and Mary Lewis Kleberg College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Human Sciences, Texas A&M University—Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA;2. Department of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University—Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA;3. Division of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;4. Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Station, Beeville, TX 78102, USA;1. Texas State University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;2. Texas State University Center for Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;1. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;3. Programs in Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;4. Departments of Radiation Oncology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Understanding the relationships between obesity and socioeconomic status (SES) among school children and the spatial variation of such relationship is essential for developing appropriate intervention strategies. In this study, we employed Local Entropy Map (LEM) to explore the spatial patterns of the relationship at school district level in Texas. Children's obesity was measured by Body Mass Index (BMI). The BMI data for this study were obtained from Physical Fitness Assessment Initiative (PFAI) program that has been coordinated by Texas Education Agency (TEA). SES was described by six variables, which were further reduced into two factors, namely Household SES and Neighborhood SES. The study period was 2012–2013 academic year. LEM analyses revealed clear spatial variation of the relationship between obesity and SES at school-district level. In particular, the prevalence of obesity among school children was found to be significantly related to Household SES and Neighborhood SES in four regions in Texas. These four regions are centered in major metropolitan areas in Texas, including San Antonio, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, and Lubbock. Further regression analyses showed variation of the relationship across these four regions. Obesity among school children in Texas was found to be more related to Household SES than Neighborhood SES; the relationship was strongest in San Antonio region. These findings may suggest the presence of obesogenic environment in the low SES school districts in these regions. Further studies to examine the particular nature of the obesogenic environment in these school districts are needed in order to support the development of regionalized policy and practice that can be more effective in addressing locale specifics. |
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| Keywords: | Childhood obesity Local Entropy Map (LEM) Socioeconomic status (SES) Spatial variation |
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