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In situ methods for measuring thermal properties and heat flux on planetary bodies |
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| Authors: | Kömle Norbert I Hütter Erika S Macher Wolfgang Kaufmann Erika Kargl Günter Knollenberg Jörg Grott Matthias Spohn Tilman Wawrzaszek Roman Banaszkiewicz Marek Seweryn Karoly Hagermann Axel |
| Institution: | a Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria b DLR Insitut für Planetenforschung, Berlin, Germany c Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland d Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research (CEPSAR), Open University, Milton Keynes, UK |
| Abstract: | The thermo-mechanical properties of planetary surface and subsurface layers control to a high extent in which way a body interacts with its environment, in particular how it responds to solar irradiation and how it interacts with a potentially existing atmosphere. Furthermore, if the natural temperature profile over a certain depth can be measured in situ, this gives important information about the heat flux from the interior and thus about the thermal evolution of the body. Therefore, in most of the recent and planned planetary lander missions experiment packages for determining thermo-mechanical properties are part of the payload. Examples are the experiment MUPUS on Rosetta's comet lander Philae, the TECP instrument aboard NASA's Mars polar lander Phoenix, and the mole-type instrument HP3 currently developed for use on upcoming lunar and Mars missions. In this review we describe several methods applied for measuring thermal conductivity and heat flux and discuss the particular difficulties faced when these properties have to be measured in a low pressure and low temperature environment. We point out the abilities and disadvantages of the different instruments and outline the evaluation procedures necessary to extract reliable thermal conductivity and heat flux data from in situ measurements. |
| Keywords: | Thermal conductivity Planetary surfaces Lander missions |
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