| 沙尘暴电效应的实验观测研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张鸿发,王涛,屈建军,言穆弘.沙尘暴电效应的实验观测研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):47-53. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张鸿发 王涛 屈建军 言穆弘 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目 (4 9975 0 0 2 )，中国科学院重大知识创新项目(KZCX1 SW 0 4)，中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新项目 (2 10 0 2 7),Jg2 0 0 0 0 4870 5) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用国内大型风沙物理风洞实验模拟沙尘暴电现象，研究风沙起电机理，结果表 明，不同风速下不同沙粒会产生不同极性的电场强度和电位效应，风沙电随风速增大而增强 ，且随沙粒度增大而减小. 在沙漠区的16m，8m，4m和1m高度上观测到27次不同沙尘暴天气 过程的电场和风速随时间变化. 结果表明, 在晴天4个高度上的电场均为小正电场值，电场 随高度降低而减小，最大电场强度在5kV/m以下，日风速变化对各层电场起伏没有较大影响 . 有沙尘天气，各高度上的电场强度随风速变化而变化. 16m高度上电场均为负值，平均值 为 -20kV/m；中层8m 电场一般为较高正电场值，达到10～40kV/m，与16m高度上电场呈反相 关；下层1m 电场值变化一般很小，在1kV/m以下. 在强沙尘暴天气4个高度上的电场均为负 电值，电场值随高度降低而减小，16m高度上最大平均电场强度达到-200kV/m以上，瞬时值 超过 -2500kV/m，与晴天电场矢量相反.
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| 关 键 词： | 风洞模拟实验 风沙起电 非对称摩擦 沙尘天气电场结构 沙尘暴电效应 |
| 文章编号： | 0001-5733(2004)01-0047-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 2002-12-31 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003-6-3 |
An Experimental and observational study on t he elect ric effect of sandstorms |
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| ZHANG Hong Fa WANG Tao QU Jian Jun YAN Mu Hong Institute of Environment and Engineering for Cold and Arid Region,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou ,China.An Experimental and observational study on t he elect ric effect of sandstorms[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(1):47-53. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Hong Fa WANG Tao QU Jian Jun YAN Mu Hong Institute of Environment and Engineering for Cold and Arid Region Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China |
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| Institution: | Institute of Environment and Engineering for Cold and Arid Region, Chinese Acade my of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | The results of wind tunnel experiment simulation for bl own sand electr ification show that the sands of different particle sizes at certain speeds can produce varied electric field intensities and electric potentials of different p olarities. Blown sand electrification intensify becomes large with increase of w ind velocity and weak with enlargement of sand particle size. Twenty seven times of observations to the electric field and wind velocity associated with varied sandstorms have been made at the height 16m, 8m, 4m, and 1m at a desert area. Du ring fine days, the electric field at these four heights has positive values whi ch decrease with reducing height with the maximum intensity less than 5kV/m. And the daily change of wind speed has no major influence on the fluctuation of the electric field at each height. During days with blown sand, the intensity of el ectric fields at all heights change with wind speed. The electric field at the height 16m is negative, with the average value -20kV/m. At the height 8m, the electric field is positive and as large as 10～4 0k V/m, which is oppositely correlated to that at the height 16m. At the height 1m, the electric field changes little, and its magnitude is below 1kV/m. During the days of strong sandstorm, the electric field at the four height are all negativ e and its values decrease with reducing height. Among them the maximum average i ntensity of electric field at 16m |
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| Keywords: | Wind tunnel simulation experiment Blown sand electrification Asymmetric rubbing Electric structure of sandstorm weather Sandstorm electric effect |
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