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Quantifying groundwater discharge to a small perennial stream in southern Ontario, Canada |
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| Authors: | Edwin E Cey David L Rudolph Gary W Parkin Ramon Aravena |
| Institution: | a Golder Associates Ltd., 202–2174 Airport Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada b Department of Earth Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada c Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada |
| Abstract: | A study of the interaction between groundwater and surface water was undertaken within a small agricultural watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. Groundwater contributions to streamflow were measured along a section of stream during baseflow conditions and during rainfall events. Four techniques were used to estimate the contribution of groundwater to the stream along a 450 m reach (three during baseflow and one during stormflow conditions). Under baseflow conditions, streamflow measurements using the velocity–area technique indicated that the net groundwater flux to the stream during the summer months was  10 ml s?1 m?1. Hydrometric measurements (i.e. hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity) taken using mini-piezometers installed in the sediments beneath the stream resulted in net groundwater flux estimates that were four to five times lower. Seepage meters failed to provide any measurements of water flux into or out of the stream. Therefore, based on these results, the velocity–area technique gives the best estimate of groundwater discharge. Hydrograph separations were conducted using |
| Keywords: | Stream discharge Groundwater Seep Hydrograph |
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