Tsunami hazard and exposure on the global scale |
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| Authors: | Finn Løvholt Sylfest Glimsdal Carl B Harbitz Natalia Zamora Farrokh Nadim Pascal Peduzzi Hy Dao Helge Smebye |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Bunkyocho 1, Hirosaki 036-8560 Japan;2. Graduate School of Regional Studies, Hirosaki University, Bunkyocho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;3. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyocho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;4. Goshogawara Dai-ichi High School, Azamotomachi 42, Goshogawara 037-0044, Japan;1. Institute of Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, Greece;2. Institut de Ciències del Mar — CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy;4. Environmental Hydraulics Institute, IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres n15. Parque, Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;5. Department of Civil Engineering, Ocean Engineering Research Center, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;6. Obsérvatoire Océanologique de Villefranche, Villefranche, France;7. Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece;8. Geological Survey, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel;9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti, Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy;10. OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C, 34010 Sgonico, Italy;1. International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Japan;2. Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba Central 7, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan;3. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;4. Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;5. US Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA;1. Tsunami and Natural Hazards Research Group, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. Asia — Pacific Natural Hazards Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, AS2, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge 117570, Singapore;3. Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear and Science Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;4. International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-40-102, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a large increase in the activity of tsunami hazard and risk mapping is observed. Most of these are site-specific studies with detailed modelling of the run-up locally. However, fewer studies exist on the regional and global scale. Therefore, tsunamis have been omitted in previous global studies comparing different natural hazards. Here, we present a first global tsunami hazard and population exposure study. A key topic is the development of a simple and robust method for obtaining reasonable estimates of the maximum water level during tsunami inundation. This method is mainly based on plane wave linear hydrostatic transect simulations, and validation against results from a standard run-up model is given. The global hazard study is scenario based, focusing on tsunamis caused by megathrust earthquakes only, as the largest events will often contribute more to the risk than the smaller events. Tsunamis caused by non-seismic sources are omitted. Hazard maps are implemented by conducting a number of tsunami scenario simulations supplemented with findings from literature. The maps are further used to quantify the number of people exposed to tsunamis using the Landscan population data set. Because of the large geographical extents, quantifying the tsunami hazard assessment is focusing on overall trends. |
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