X-ray emission from planetary nebulae calculated by 1D spherical numerical simulations |
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| Authors: | M Akashi Noam Soker Ehud Behar John Blondin |
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| Institution: | Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA |
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| Abstract: | We calculate the X-ray emission from both constant and time-evolving shocked fast winds blown by the central stars of planetary nebulae (PNe) and compare our calculations with observations. Using spherically symmetric numerical simulations with radiative cooling, we calculate the flow structure and the X-ray temperature and luminosity of the hot bubble formed by the shocked fast wind. We find that a constant fast wind gives results that are very close to those obtained from the self-similar solution. We show that in order for a fast shocked wind to explain the observed X-ray properties of PNe, rapid evolution of the wind is essential. More specifically, the mass-loss rate of the fast wind should be high early on when the speed is ∼300–700 km s−1 , and then it needs to drop drastically by the time the PN age reaches ∼1000 yr. This implies that the central star has a very short pre-PN (post-asymptotic giant branch) phase. |
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| Keywords: | stars: mass-loss stars: winds outflows planetary nebulae: general X-rays: ISM |
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