| 中国地理学史上的一次大断裂——兼评《汉书·地理志》 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙关龙.中国地理学史上的一次大断裂——兼评《汉书·地理志》[J].地球信息科学,2004,6(4):41-44. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙关龙 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国大百科全书出版社, 北京 100037 |
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| 摘 要： | 先秦地理学有着考察自然、研究自然的传统,而且在这方面取得了辉煌的成就。汉代及其以后的中国古代地理学基本上丢失了这个传统,始作俑者为东汉班固。西汉董仲舒的“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,不但排斥或扼杀了其他诸子百家,也摧残了先秦儒家注重自然的传统。班固著《汉书·地理志》,屈从当时的潮流,忽视先秦时期“山川,地理也”的传统,赋予“地理”另一种含义,即以记述疆域、政区的建制置和沿革为主,而把山川等自然知识作为附庸,使以后的中国古代地理学走上侧重地理沿革考证、记述社会历史和社会状况之路,形成内容上以史学地理、经学地理、沿革地理为主体的中国传统地理学。先秦地理学与秦汉地理学之间存在一个大断裂。这个大断裂影响了中国古代地理学取得的成就,并使中国古代地理学无法发展衍生出近代地理学。
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| 关 键 词： | 先秦地理学 汉书·地理志 大断裂 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-02-08; |
| 修稿时间： | 2/8/2004 12:00:00 AM |
A Major Break in Geographical History of China--Taking Account of Geography Section of History in the Han Dynasty |
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| SUN Guanlong.A Major Break in Geographical History of China--Taking Account of Geography Section of History in the Han Dynasty[J].Geo-information Science,2004,6(4):41-44. |
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| Authors: | SUN Guanlong |
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| Institution: | The Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, Beijing 100037, China |
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| Abstract: | Before Qin Dynasty geography had a tradition of inspecting the nature and research the nature, and great success had gained. From Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese ancient geography lost this tradition, the first ancestor is Ban Gu in Eastern Han Dynasty. Dong Zhongshu in Western Han Dynasty advanced a theory of rejecting the Various Schools, monopolizing the Confucian School. It excluded or strangled other Various Schools,and destroyed a tradition of laying stress on nature in the Confucian School. Ban Gu wrote Geography Section of History in the Han Dynasty, in which he submitted to trend at that time,overlooked the tradition of laying stress on nature during pre-Qin period, vested the geograthy with other meanings, took record of establishment and evolution of administrative division in domination, and took mountains and rivers of natural knowledge as dependency, cause later Chinese ancient geography to follow the road of putting stress on evolution and textual research of geography, as well as recording the social history and the social condition. These gradually formed a Chinese traditional geography focusing on the study of historic geography, economic geography and evolution geography. This is a major break in geographical history of China between pre-Qin times and Qin and Han dynasties. This break directly affected the achievements of the Chinese ancient geography, making the Chinese ancient geography fail to evolve into modern geography. |
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| Keywords: | pre-Qin geography geography section of history in Han Dynasty major break |
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