| 黄河沙量记录与黄土高原侵蚀 |
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| 引用本文： | 洪业汤,朴河春,姜洪波.黄河沙量记录与黄土高原侵蚀[J].第四纪研究,1990,10(1):10-20. |
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| 作者姓名： | 洪业汤 朴河春 姜洪波 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地球化学研究所，中国科学院地球化学研究所，中国科学院地球化学研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 龙门黄河沙量记录研究揭示,黄土高原黄土的侵蚀现象是我国脆弱的黄土环境中出现的一种天然环境地质过程。在年际时间尺度上,其侵蚀强度表现出明显的脉动特征,且与太阳黑子活动周期有密切关系。迄今黄土高原上的人为经济活动并未明显加速这一侵蚀过程或改变它的脉动特征,因而人为活动不是支配黄土高原黄土侵蚀的主导因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄河 黄土 侵蚀 全球变化 |
EROSION OF THE LOESS PLATEAU WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RECORDS OF SILT DISCHARGED BY THE HUANG HE (YELLOW RIVER) |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | It is one of the major subjects under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme to investigate soil erosion on a global scale. It is estimated that loess covers an area accounting for 10％ of the total land surface of the earth. Especially in northern China loess is even still more widely distributed. Loess is weakly erosion-resistent. Therefore, investigations of the processes of loess erosion are not only related directly with the strategic plan to manage the Loess Plateau of China, but also provide valuable knowledge for the study of global erosion of soils. Many investigations have shown a close dependence of the Huang He on the Loess Plateau as viewed from the fact that the Huang He carries a large amount of mud and sand. Variations in amount of mud and sand in the Huang He reflect variations in the intensity of erosion of the Loess Plateau.It is found from the sand and silt amounts recorded in the 1970s at the Longmen Hydrological Station in the middle reaches of the Huang He that the sand-carrying and sand-conveying capabilities of the Huang He feature pulse variations, leading to a unique pulse spectrum showing the annual variation in amounts of mud and sand in the Huang He. As revealed by this pulse spectrum, the erosion of loess in the middle reaches of the Huang He displays obvious pulse variations on an annually time scale, i.e., characterized by a drastic in crease or a drastic decrease in the sand-carrying and the sand-conveying capabilities of the Huang He. It is also found from the comparison of this pulse spectrum with the fluctuation spectrum of sunspots that the timing of the maximum sandconveying capability of the Huang He or the annual periodicity of intense loess erosion is closely consistent with the periodicity of sunspot activity. A year of intense loess erosion is always coincident with a peak or valley year of sunspot activity. Studies have also disclosed that sunspot activity has no direct but indirect influence on the intensity of erosion of the Loess Plateau. In other words, sunspot activity may cause rainstorms and floods on earth, which are expected to promote the erosion of the Loess Plateau.We have made statistics on the sand-conveying capability of the Huang He at intervals of ten years since 1919. In consideration of the quantities of mud and sand reservoired and blocked by water conservancy and water and soil conservation facilities, it is shown that the total sand-conveying capability of the Huang He or the total yield of sand from the erosion of the Loess Plateau shows no difference in different time intervals. It is estimated to be around 1.7×109 tons. This suggests that human activities on the Loess Plateau have not yet precisely accelerated the process of natural erosion of the Loess Plateau and changed the pulsation of loess erosion either. Studies indicate that the influence of human activities on the erosion of loess on the Loess Plateau can only be manifested under the action of rainstorm and other erosive agencies.The erosion of loess on the Loess Plateau is an environmental geological process in nature, and it can by no means be attributed to the destruction of the ecological environment on the Loess Plateau by the Chinese nation. Its special or general significance for the global erosion of soils need to be further studied. |
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