| 1981—2019年四川省霾日时空变化特征及成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙蕊,马振峰,刘佳.1981—2019年四川省霾日时空变化特征及成因分析[J].新疆气象,2021,15(3):85-92. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙蕊 马振峰 刘佳 |
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| 作者单位： | 高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目（SCQXKJQN2019007）；国家自然科学基金项目（41275097） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用1981—2019年气象观测资料,分析了四川霾日的时空变化特征,并分析了污染物排放量和气象条件变化对霾日的影响。结果表明:(1)四川盆地为霾日高发区,年均霾日达53.7 d,其中轻、中、重度霾日数分别为26.9、24.1和2.7 d,川西高原年均霾日数不足1 d。霾日高值区主要分布在盆地的中部、东部及南部,轻、中、重度霾日高值区分布与霾日基本一致。(2)近39 a盆地霾日总体呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.03 d/10 a,霾日数及霾分布范围在20世纪90年代达到最大,进入21世纪后霾日数和霾范围呈减小趋势。(3)霾在冬季发生频繁,冬季年均霾日数达24.7d,且盆地大部地区超过30 d。(4)近39 a盆地共发生持续性霾12 782次,自贡市、德阳市、内江市、乐山市为持续性霾的高发区;盆地共发生区域持续性霾509次,其中10 d的区域持续性霾发生的次数最多,占比为87.8%。(5)盆地霾天气的主要贡献污染物为PM2.5和PM10。二者排放量在20世纪90年代达到最大,进入21世纪后开始减少,21世纪10年代减少最为明显。21世纪10年代前盆地平均气温升高、相对湿度下降,污染物的排放与气象条件的共同作用,导致霾事件出现频率较高。随着城市生态文明的建设与治理,在21世纪10年代,盆地区域污染物排放减少,区域升温率减小,相对湿度显著升高,霾出现频率有所降低。
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| 关 键 词： | 霾 时空分布 趋势 连续性霾 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/8/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/9/8 0:00:00 |
Spatial-temporal variation and the cause of formation of haze days in Sichuan Province from 1981 to 2019 |
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| SUN Rui,MA Zhen-feng and LIU Jia.Spatial-temporal variation and the cause of formation of haze days in Sichuan Province from 1981 to 2019[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2021,15(3):85-92. |
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| Authors: | SUN Rui MA Zhen-feng and LIU Jia |
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| Institution: | Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province |
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| Abstract: | Abstract Based on the meteorological data of Sichuan Province during 1981-2019, the spatial and temporal distributions of haze days were studied, and the influence of pollutant emission and meteorological conditions on haze days were also analyzed. The results show that: (1) Sichuan basin was the high incidence area of haze days, with an average annual value of 53.7 d. The light, medium and heavy haze days were 26.9, 24.1 and 2.7 d respectively. The average annual haze days in the western Sichuan plateau were less than 1d. The high-value region of haze days were mainly distributed in the middle, east and south of the basin, and the distribution of light, medium and heavy haze days were basically consistent with that of haze days. (2) In recent 39 years, the haze days in the basin showed a decreasing trend in general, the climate tendency was -0.03 d/10a. The day number and distribution range of hazes reached to maximum in the 1990s, but began to decline after 21st century. (3) In Sichuan basin, haze occurred frequently in winter with an average annual value of 24.7 d. In most areas of Sichuan basin, the winter haze days were more than 20 d. (4) In recent 39 years, Sichuan basin occurred 12782 persistent haze events, Zigong, Deyang, Neijiang and Leshan city were the high incidence areas of persistent haze. Sichuan basin occurred 509 regional persistent haze events, and the regional persistent haze less than 10 d were the most, accounting for 87.8%. (5) The PM2.5 and PM10 were the main contribution pollutants to haze weather in the basin. The emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 reached the maximum in the 1990s, began to decrease after the 21st century, and decreased most in 2010s. Before 2010s, the temperature increased and the relative humidity decreased. The joint effect of pollutant and meteorological conditions led to high frequency of haze events. After 2010s, with the construction and management of ecological civilization, the emission of pollutants decreased and the weather conditions get better, so the frequency of haze decreased. |
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| Keywords: | Key words haze spatial distribution trend continuous haze |
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