Lichen as quantitative biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metals deposition in Central India |
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| Authors: | Rajesh Bajpai D K Upreti S K Dwivedi S Nayaka |
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| Institution: | (1) Lichenology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, , Lucknow, 226001, India;(2) Department of Environmental Science, B. B.A. University, Lucknow, 226025, India;(3) Scientist F, Lichenology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, , Lucknow, 226001, India; |
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| Abstract: | Three different growth forms of lichens belonging to six species; Phaeophyscia hispidula, Parmotrema praesorediosum (foliose); Caloplaca subsoluta, Diploschistes candidissmus (crustose) and Peltula euploca, Phylliscum indicum (squamulose) were studied comparatively for the biomonitoring of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn in Mandav city in central
India. Based on the anthropogenic activities three sites were selected for lichen collection. To identify the sources of heavy
metal pollution, their concentration was analyzed in thallus as well as in their respective substrates. The thallus of studied
lichens showed higher concentration of metals such as Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn, while most of the metals were absent or present in
negligible amount in substrates (Fe, Al, Cu), which proves that the accumulated metals were air borne. The foliose lichens
(P. hispidula and P. praesorediosum) found highly significant in metal accumulation at each sites followed by crustose and squamulose forms. Lichen samples collected
from site 2, adjacent to road side accumulated maximum quantities of Zn, Ni, Cd and Cr whereas the city centre (Site 1) had
maximum concentrations of Fe, Cu and Al. The site 3 situated away from the city had lowest amount of all the metals. The analysis
of variance and LSD indicated that the metal concentrations among lichen species as well as between substratum is significant
at p < 0.05% and P < 0.01% level respectively. |
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