Coal-derived rates of atmospheric dust deposition during the Permian |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;2. Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA;1. Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic;2. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, 118 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic;3. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0395, USA;4. Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic;5. Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland;1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;3. Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Akebono-cho 2-5-1, Kochi 780-8520, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Continental Tectonics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Northern Taibai Str. 229, Xi''an 710069, China;2. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Koptyuga ave. 3, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;3. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Baiwanzhuang Road 26, Beijing 100037, China |
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| Abstract: | Despite widespread evidence for atmospheric dust deposition prior to the Quaternary, quantitative rate data remains sparse. As dust influences both climate and biological productivity, the absence of quantitative dust data limits the comprehensiveness of models of pre-Quaternary climate and biogeochemical cycles. Here, we propose that inorganic matter contained in coal primarily records atmospheric dust deposition. To test this, we use the average concentration of inorganic matter in Permian coal to map global patterns and deposition rates of atmospheric dust over Pangea. The dust accumulation rate is calculated assuming Permian peat carbon accumulation rates in temperate climates were similar to Holocene rates and accounting for the loss of carbon during coalification. Coal-derived rates vary from 0.02 to 25 g m? 2 year? 1, values that fall within the present-day global range. A well-constrained East–West pattern of dust deposition corresponding to expected palaeoclimate gradients extends across Gondwana with maximum dust deposition rates occurring close to arid regions. A similar pattern is partially defined over the northern hemisphere. Patterns are consistent with the presence of two large global dust plumes centred on the tropics. The spatial patterns of dust deposition were also compared to dust cycle simulations for the Permian made with the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Key differences between the simulations and the coal data are the lack of evidence for an Antarctic dust source, higher than expected dust deposition over N and S China and greater dust deposition rates over Western Gondwana. This new coal-based dust accumulation rate data expands the pre-Neogene quantitative record of atmospheric dust and can help to inform and validate models of global circulation and biogeochemical cycles over the past 350 Myr. |
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