Transport of perfluorocarbon tracers and carbon dioxide in sediment columns – Evaluating the application of PFC tracers for CO2 leakage detection |
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| Institution: | 1. INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;2. BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45100 Orléans, France;3. Veolia Recherche & Innovation (VERI), Chemin de la Digue, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France;4. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;5. HYDROINVEST, 514 route d’Agris, 16430 Champniers, France;1. Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan;2. Department of Pathology, Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan;1. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;3. Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, NJ, USA;4. The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, TX, USA;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;6. Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, USA;7. Department of Petroleum Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana;8. 386 Devonshire Dr, Rochester Hills, MI, USA;9. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China |
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| Abstract: | Perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) have high chemical and thermal stability, low background levels in natural systems, and easy detectability. They are proposed as tracers for monitoring potential CO2 leakage associated with geological carbon sequestration (GCS). The fate of the PFCs in porous media, and in particular, the transport of these compounds relative to CO2 gas in geological formations, has not been thoroughly studied. We conducted column tests to study the transport of perfluoro-methylcyclo-pentane (PMCP), perfluoro-methylcyclo-hexane (PMCH), ortho-perfluoro-dimethylcyclo-hexane (ortho-PDCH), and perfluoro-trimethylcyclo-hexane (PTCH) gas tracers in a variety of porous media. The influence of water content and sediment minerals on the retardation of the tracers was tested. The transport of PFC tracers relative to 13CO2 and the conservative tracer sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was also investigated. Results show that at high water content, the PFCs and SF6 transported together. In dry and low-water-content sediments, however, the PFCs were retarded relative to SF6 with the degree of retardation increasing with the molecular weight of the PFC. When water was present in the medium, the transport of CO2 was greatly retarded compared to SF6 and the PFC tracers. However, in dry laboratory sediments, the migration of CO2 was slightly faster than all the tracers. The type of minerals in the sediments also had a significant impact on the fate of the tracers. In order to use the PFC tracer data obtained from the ground surface or shallow subsurface in a GCS site to precisely interpret the extent and magnitude of CO2 leakage, the retardation of the tracers and the interaction of CO2 with the reservoir overlying formation water should be carefully quantified. |
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