Future evolution of nearby large-scale structures in a universe dominated by a cosmological constant |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States;2. Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States;3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States;4. Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE 69631, United States;1. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;2. Division of Dental Informatics, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;1. Laboratory of Evolutionary Cell and Developmental Biology, JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan;2. Laboratory of Biohistory, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan;3. Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan;4. Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;1. Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;1. Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;2. Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
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| Abstract: | We simulate the future evolution of the observed inhomogeneities in the local universe assuming that the global expansion rate is dominated by a cosmological constant. We find that within two Hubble times (～30 billion years) from the present epoch, large-scale structures will freeze in co-moving coordinates and the mass distribution of bound objects will stop evolving. The Local Group will get somewhat closer to the Virgo cluster in co-moving coordinates, but will be pulled away from the Virgo in physical coordinates due to the accelerated expansion of the Universe. In the distant future there will only be one massive galaxy within our event horizon, namely the merger product of the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies. All galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to the Local Group will recede away from us and eventually exit from our event horizon. More generally, we identify the critical interior overdensity above which a shell of matter around an object will remain bound to it at late times. |
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