| 全球湿地的状况、未来情景与可持续管理对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 张永民,赵士洞,郭荣朝.全球湿地的状况、未来情景与可持续管理对策[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(4):415-420. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张永民 赵士洞 郭荣朝 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河南财经学院资源与环境科学系,河南,郑州,450002
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 摘 要： | 简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）项目针对湿地与水编写的《生态系统与人类福祉：湿地与水综合报告》的核心内容。报告表明：①据估算，2000年全球的湿地面积大约为1.28×109hm2，但是这一数据显著偏低，尤其是对新热带区的湿地以及有些特殊类型湿地的估算因数据源问题可能远低于实际面积;②根据MA构建的4种情景的分析结果，未来50年（2000—2050年）内，在对生态系统实行被动式管理的全球协同和实力秩序2种情景中，预计全球的湿地面积将会减少，而在对生态系统实行主动式管理的技术家园和适应组合2种情景中，预计全球的湿地面积将保持相对稳定;③湿地的丧失和退化会对人类福祉和减轻贫困产生极为不利的影响，尤其是对低收入国家湿地附近居民的影响更为严重。为了实现湿地的可持续管理，必须从经济、制度和管理以及相关驱动力方面采取积极对策，减轻湿地生态系统承受的各种压力，保育各项生态特征，增强其自恢复能力，减缓和扭转湿地的丧失和退化趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球湿地 未来情景 可持续管理对策 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-8166(2008)04-0415-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-03-24 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008年3月24日 |
Global Wetlands: Status and Trends, Scenarios and Response Options |
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| ZHANG Yongmin,ZHAO Shidong,GUO Rongchao.Global Wetlands: Status and Trends, Scenarios and Response Options[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2008,23(4):415-420. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yongmin ZHAO Shidong GUO Rongchao |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan University of Finance and Economics, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | The synthesis report, ecosystems and human well-being: wetlands and water, was briefly introduced in this paper. This report indicates: ①The global extent of wetlands is estimated to be in excess of 1.28×109hm2, but it is well established that this is a clear underestimate, especially for the Neotropics and for certain wetland types where data were incomplete or not readily accessible. In the MA scenarios, the degradation of wetlands is expected to increase through 2050 under the reactive Global Orchestration and Order from Strength scenarios but to be relatively unchanged in 2050 under the proactive TechnoGarden and Adapting Mosaic scenarios. Wetland ecosystem provide many services that contribute to human well-being and poverty alleviation. Some groups of people, particularly those living near wetlands, are highly dependent on these services and are directly harmed by their degradation. For the sustainable use of wetlands, economic, governance and institutional responses are required to maintain the ecological character of the wetland, and to mitigate and reverse their current loss and degradation trends. In addition, other indirect and direct drivers of change are also need to be addressed to ensure relevant responses to be sustainable or sufficient. |
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| Keywords: | Status and trends of global wetlands Scenarios Response options |
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