Biocalcification in the Eastern Oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica)</Emphasis> in Relation to Long-term Trends in Chesapeake Bay pH |
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| Authors: | George G Waldbusser Erin P Voigt Heather Bergschneider Mark A Green Roger I E Newell |
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| Institution: | (1) College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;(2) Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, Fort Sumter National Monument, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482, USA;(3) Division of Natural Sciences, St. Joseph’s College of Maine, 278 Whites Bridge Road, Standish, ME 04084, USA;(4) Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA |
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| Abstract: | Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduce pH of marine waters due to the absorption of atmospheric CO2 and formation of carbonic acid. Estuarine waters are more susceptible to acidification because they are subject to multiple
acid sources and are less buffered than marine waters. Consequently, estuarine shell forming species may experience acidification
sooner than marine species although the tolerance of estuarine calcifiers to pH changes is poorly understood. We analyzed
23 years of Chesapeake Bay water quality monitoring data and found that daytime average pH significantly decreased across
polyhaline waters although pH has not significantly changed across mesohaline waters. In some tributaries that once supported
large oyster populations, pH is increasing. Current average conditions within some tributaries however correspond to values
that we found in laboratory studies to reduce oyster biocalcification rates or resulted in net shell dissolution. Calcification
rates of juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were measured in laboratory studies in a three-way factorial design with 3 pH levels, two salinities, and two temperatures.
Biocalcification declined significantly with a reduction of ∼0.5 pH units and higher temperature and salinity mitigated the
decrease in biocalcification. |
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