| 试论动物非矿化组织的保存 |
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| 引用本文： | 张兴亮,舒德干.试论动物非矿化组织的保存[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):13-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张兴亮 舒德干 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北大学地质系 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家攀登计划!95专0 1，国家自然科学基金 !(批准号 :496 72 0 86 ) |
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| 摘 要： | 动物非矿物化组织在特异埋葬条件下可保存为化石。缺氧和快速埋葬有利于非矿化组织的保存，但不能阻止微生物的破坏作用。无菌环境下可保存软躯体组织，但在构造变动和古气候变迁等因素的影响下会彻底破坏，不可能在地质历史时期长期存在。最稳定的保存形式是与成岩作用有关的保存类型和以碳化有机质薄膜形式的保存类型。与动物非矿化组织保存有关的常见成岩自生矿物有磷酸盐矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿等。其中，磷酸盐矿物在成岩作用过程中结晶最早，可以保存动物的微细构造。这些矿物可以矿化交代动物的肉质和角质使其成为矿化实体；也可以呈假形、铸型或铸模等形式保存。布尔吉斯页岩保存类型中，非矿化组织以碳化有机质薄膜或含水的颧硅酸盐矿物两种形式保存。前可能与粘土矿物吸附有机质、阻止酶的降解作用有关，后可能由自生粘土矿物的交代作用造成。
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| 关 键 词： | 非矿化组织 保存 成岩作用 矿化交代作用 自生矿物 动物 碳化有机质薄膜 快速埋藏 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0550(2001)01-0013-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年4月14日 |
Preservation Mechanisms of Non-mineralized Animal Tissues |
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| ZHANG Xing-liang,SHU De-gan.Preservation Mechanisms of Non-mineralized Animal Tissues[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):13-19. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xing-liang SHU De-gan |
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| Abstract: | Non minerlized animal tissues may be fossilized in exceptionally taphonomic conditions.Anoxia and rapid burial do not prevent information loss through decay,but they do promote the preservation of non mineralized tissues.Sterile environments inhibit decay,but they are ephemeral on a geological time scale.Stable non mineralized tissue fossils may be preserved either as organic remains(carbonaceous compressions) or by replication in authigenic minerals.The most commonly occurring diagenetic minerals associated with exceptional preservation are pyrite,conbonates and phosphates,among which phosphates precipitate rapidly enough to replicate subcellular details.Non mineralized tissues,both volatiles and refractories,can be permineralized,coated/pseudomorphed and casted/molded by these authigenic minerals.Activities of microbes destroy non mineralized tissues,on the other hand,some are necessary to drive the precipitation of authigenic minerals.Burgess Shale type preservation involves non mineralized tissues preserved as organic remains,but the dominants are replicated by hydrous aluminosilicates.Therefore,the authigenic mineralization is fundamental to preserving these fossils,even though some organic reamains are also present. |
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| Keywords: | non mineralized tissues preservation diagenesis authigenic minerals replication Burgess Shale type preservation |
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