| From mandatory icebreaker guiding to a permission regime：changes to the new Russian legislation of the Northern Sea Route |
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| 基金项目： | Marine Science Research Project for Public Welfare “Assessment for Navigability of Arctic Sea Route and Research &; Demonstration for Prediction System for Sea Route” (Grant no. 201205007-6);Research Project of Polar Right and Interest, the Department of International Cooperation of the State Oceanic Administration, China |
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| 摘 要： | This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route （NSR） in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. （1） Our legal analysis indicates that Russia＇s view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. （2） Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.
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| 关 键 词： | 俄罗斯联邦 法律规定 破冰船 强制性 航线 北海 引导 专属经济区 |
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