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Introduction to the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference special issue: Five top questions in Mars polar science |
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| Authors: | KE Fishbaugh CS Hvidberg S Clifford A Haldemann JW Head M Koutnik WJ Ammann |
| Institution: | a International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland b Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark c Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), M/S 125-109, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA d Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77059, USA e Geological Survey of Canada, Glaciology, Terrain Sciences Division, 601 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada f European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands g Brown University, Department of Geological Sciences, Campus Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA h Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), M/S 302-231, 480 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA i University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, Campus Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195, USA j United States Geological Survey (USGS), Astrogeology Team, 255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA k Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | As an introduction to this Icarus special issue for the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference, we discuss five key questions in Mars polar science, gleaned from plenary discussions and presentations held at the conference. These questions highlight major unknowns in the field. (1) What are the physical characteristics of the polar layered deposits (PLD), and how are the different geologic units within, beneath, and surrounding the PLD related? (2) How old are the PLD? And what are their glacial, fluvial, depositional and erosional histories? (3) What are the mass and energy budgets of the PLD, and what processes control these budgets on seasonal and longer timescales? (4) What chronology, compositional variability, and record of climatic change is expressed in the stratigraphy of the PLD? (5) How have volatiles and dust been exchanged between polar and non-polar reservoirs? And how has this exchange affected the past and present distribution of surface and subsurface ice? |
| Keywords: | Mars polar caps Mars polar geology Mars climate Ices |
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