Evaluation of the anthropogenic influx of metallic pollutants into Puck Bay,southern Baltic |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HP, UK;3. Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, al. Marsz. J. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland;4. Faculty of Science, Arts and Education, University of Aden, P.O. Box 6014, Khormaksar, Aden, Yemen;1. Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, United States;2. Dept. of Geological Sciences, Brown University, United States;3. Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, United States;4. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States;5. Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States;1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Baoding 071002, China;1. University of Cagliari - Chemical and Earth Sciences Department, Via Trentino 51, 09127 Cagliari, Italy;2. University of Siena - CGT Center for GeoTechnologies, Via Vetri Vecchi 34, 52027 San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy;3. University of Pisa - Earth Sciences Department, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy;4. Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;5. PetroLogicSynergy (PLS) srl spin-off - University of Siena, Via Vezzosi 15, 52300 Arezzo, Italy;6. University of Siena - Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy;7. Société Marocaine de Géo-Technologies (SMG) srl spin-off - University of Siena, Hay Asgoune Amizmiz 46, Marrakech, Morocco;1. Environmental Sciences Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana;2. iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, 7129 Somerset West, South Africa;3. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;4. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Distributions of 15 elements with depth in two sediment cores from Puck Bay in the Gulf of Gdansk show that Ag, Cd, Pb, Zn and possibly Cu and Ni are anthropogenically enriched in the sediments there. The concentrations of these elements decrease sharply with depth in the sediment column and the elements are preferentially enriched in the <2 μm size fraction of the sediment. The sequence of element enrichment depends on whether the enrichment factor (EF) and the anthropogenic factor (AF) are used to calculate the element enrichment. By contrast, the anthropogenic elements show no systematic decrease in concentration with depth in a sediment core taken from near the mouth of the Vistula River. This reflects the higher sedimentation rate there such that the entire upper 20 cm of the core was deposited during the major, post-war period of industrialization in Poland. In addition, these elements are enriched in the 2–63 μm fraction compared to the <2 μm fraction in these sediments. This suggests that the heavy metals are mainly adsorbed on Fe oxyhydroxide particles with diameters greater than 2 μm at the hydrological front where Vistula river water mixes with brackish Baltic water. It appears that heavy-metal pollution of sediments in parts of Puck Bay may be greater than that near the mouth of the Vistula River which may reflect, in part, the higher sedimentation rate near the mouth of the Vistula River. The mode of incorporation of heavy-metals into the sediments in the two areas may also be different. |
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