Mantle plumes of Central Asia (Northeast Asia) and their role in forming endogenous deposits |
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| Institution: | 1. A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia;2. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 35, Moscow, 109017, Russia;1. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Department of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey;2. Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey;3. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Central Anatolia II Regional Office, Konya, Turkey;4. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Central Anatolia IV Regional Office, Malatya, Turkey;1. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lenina 39, Yakutsk, 677980, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Chang’an University, 126 Yanta Road., Xi’an 710054, China;2. Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, 438 East Youyi Road, Xi’an 710064, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China;4. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 390 East Karamay Road, Urumqi 830000, China;5. No. 11 Geological Party of the Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 5 Beijing Road, Changji 836500, China;6. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | The Phanerozoic within-plate magmatism and the related deposits of Siberia are reviewed. The formation of post-perovskite at about 2.5 Ga in the Earth’s interior and the isotope characteristics of within-plate igneous rocks have shown that plate tectonics and deep geodynamics started to operate at about 2–2.5 Ga. The assembly and breakup of supercontinents under the effect of the superplumes formed in layer D″ is considered. Thus, the supercontinent–superplume cycles spanning about 700 Ma are recognized in the Earth’s history.The manifestations of the within-plate magmatic activity are found throughout the whole Phanerozoic. It was demonstrated earlier that between 570 and 160 Ma, the Siberian continent drifted within the African hot mantle field or large low shear velocity province (LLSVP). At least four plumes, excluding the superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia at 750 Ma, interacted with the Siberian continent. The superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia was also responsible for the origin of ultramafic intrusions with carbonatites hosting rare-metal (Nb, Ta, REE) mineralization as well as ultramafic–mafic intrusions with Cu–Ni–Pt mineralization localized along the rift zones.The plumes originated in other Phanerozoic cycles formed most likely at the lower-upper mantle boundary, where most of the stagnant slabs is accumulated. Those plumes were responsible for the origin of within-plate igneous rocks. The granitic batholiths formed in the centers of zonal area surrounded by rift zones containing abundant rare-metal intrusions with rare-metal mineralization. Gold, tin, base metal, and porphyry copper deposits are also related to these zonal area.The studies have shown that the formation of folded zones and related deposits which surround these zones as well as the structures of cratons and their metallogenic specialization should be considered in terms of both plate tectonics and plume tectonics. |
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