Mineral inclusions in sapphire from the basalt-related deposit in Bo Phloi,Kanchanaburi, western Thailand: indication of their genesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;2. The Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), ITF-Tower Building, Suriyawong, Bangkok, 10550, Thailand;1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Egypt;2. Université de Brest (UBO), UMR 6538, Domaines Océaniques, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, place Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France;3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell''Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 127100 Pavia, Italy;4. Mining Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;5. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – OPGC, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France;1. Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarbad, 13100, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan;2. Health Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Engineering (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan;3. Department of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Physics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan;5. Directorate of Systems & Services, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan;1. Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea;2. Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea;3. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC;1. CODES ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. Indochine Mining (Cambodia) Ltd., 454 Street 2003, Sang Kat Kakab, Khan Dong Kor, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;3. School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;4. AIRIE Program, Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1482, United States;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom;2. Department of Geology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand;3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;4. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The Bo Phloi gem field in Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand, is closely associated with Cenozoic basalts. Blue and yellow sapphire, black spinel, and minor zircon have been mined for over three decades. The mineral inclusions observed in sapphire samples are alkali feldspar, nepheline, hercynitic spinel, zircon, manganiferous ilmenite, silica-rich enstatite, almandine–pyrope garnet, monazite, calcite, sapphirine, biotite–phlogopite mica, and staurolite. Based on their geochemical affinity, these mineral inclusions can be categorized into two main groups: felsic alkaline and contact-metamorphic, which appear to have originated from different processes. These inclusions provide new evidence for proposing a bimodal genetic model. Felsic alkaline origin is evidenced by the occurrence of a felsic alkaline inclusion suite and the REE geochemistry of sapphire-associated zircon, which indicates that most of the sapphires crystallized from a high-alkali felsic melt (probably, in the lower crust). Contact-metamorphic origin is evidenced by the presence of a contact-metamorphic inclusion suite, suggesting that some of these sapphires might also have originated from metasomatized crustal rocks and a contaminated melt along the contact zone of a basaltic intrusion (probably, in the upper mantle or lower crust). |
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