| 成都平原传统场镇与林盘居民点的分布特征及其影响因素——以成都郫县为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄学渊,张蕾,周莲.成都平原传统场镇与林盘居民点的分布特征及其影响因素——以成都郫县为例[J].热带地理,2020,40(5):856-867. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄学渊 张蕾 周莲 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学 风景园林学院，成都 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(52008278);四川省教育厅人文社科基金项目(15SB0003);四川农业大学校地合作项目(640H1800) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于近现代地图与相关地理信息，结合历史文献与实地考察，通过GIS空间分析、核密度估算、欧氏距离、基尼系数等方法，以传统林盘聚落的核心区成都郫县为例，定量揭示了1947、1970、1985、2000与2018年郫县林盘居民点的空间分布特征与场镇分布关系的变化情况。结果表明：1）不同时期林盘居民点的分布具有明显的空间差异性，在改革开放前，林盘居民点的分布极易受到政治经济中心的影响，在改革开放后，其具有均质化快速发展的特点，但城镇化的快速推进从根本上改变了林盘居民点的散居特征，其聚集程度明显增高。林盘居民点高密度区始终具有围绕传统场镇及城镇建成区分布的特点。2）传统场镇的市场半径大致为3 km，交通条件是其选址的首要因素，民国时期场镇选址主要受水路交通影响，建国后水路交通为场镇带来的交通便利逐渐被陆路交通所取代。3）传统场镇的分布会随着林盘居民的自组织行为与相关政策的调控而不断趋于均衡状态，但在改革开放之后，场镇由乡村市场驱动的自由放任式发展转变为地方政府驱动下的固定场所。4）林盘居民点具有沿河流水系分布的特点；传统时期林盘居民点与主要道路之间的关联性较低，但当前其具有沿道路分布的特点。
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| 关 键 词： | 成都平原 传统场镇 林盘居民点 分布特征 郫县 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-08 |
Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Market Towns and Linpan Settlements in Chengdu Plain: A Case Study of Pi County,Chengdu City |
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| Xueyuan Huang,Lei Zhang,Lian Zhou.Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Market Towns and Linpan Settlements in Chengdu Plain: A Case Study of Pi County,Chengdu City[J].Tropical Geography,2020,40(5):856-867. |
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| Authors: | Xueyuan Huang Lei Zhang Lian Zhou |
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| Institution: | College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China |
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| Abstract: | Linpan is a unique, scattered rural settlement in Chengdu Plain. Linpan residents exchange materials and information in the market town, which is the central node of the traditional era. The spatial distribution of traditional market towns and Linpan settlements is developed on the basis of certain natural and social conditions, which are the manifestations of the relationship between man and land in Chengdu Plain. This study took Pi county as an example, as it represents the regional characteristic of Linpan in Chengdu plain. According to modern maps and related geographic information, this study revealed the changes in spatial distribution characteristics of Linpan settlements and the distribution of market towns in Pi County in 1947, 1970, 1985, 2000, and 2018, using GIS spatial analysis, kernel density estimation, Euclidean distance, Gini coefficient, and other methods. The results are as follows: First, there are clear spatial differences in the distribution of Linpan settlements in different periods. From the distribution characteristics of different periods, before economic reforms and liberalization, the distribution of Linpan settlements was affected by its political and economic center. Thereafter, the distribution of Linpan settlements demonstrates the characteristics of homogenization and rapid development. However, the process of urbanization has fundamentally changed the scattered characteristics of Linpan settlements, and its aggregation degree has considerably increased. From the distribution changes over time, the high-density Linpan settlements tend to distribute around the traditional market towns and urban built-up areas. Second, the market radius of the traditional market town is about 3 km, and the traffic condition primarily determines the site selection of the traditional town. Before the end of the Republic of China, the location of the market town was affected by waterway traffic. Afterwards, the transportation convenience introduced by waterway traffic was replaced by land traffic. Third, the equilibrium degree of spatial distribution of traditional market towns in different periods, is in the following order: 1985 > 2000 > 1970 > 2018 > 1947. The distribution of traditional market towns would tend to be balanced with the self-organizing behavior of Linpan residents and the regulation and control of relevant policies. However, because of an increase in policy intervention in the early stage of economic reforms and liberalization, the market town is no longer affected by the spontaneous activities of Linpan residents. The trading space of the market and town has changed from the traditional streets, squares, teahouses, and clubhouse gates to facilities and indoor fixed places. Finally, Linpan settlements are distributed along the river system. In the traditional period, the relationship between Linpan settlements and the major roads was not significant. However, currently, the Linpan settlements are distributed along the road. Based on the comparative analysis of several periods, this study reveals the distribution characteristics and evolution process of traditional market towns and Linpan settlements and discusses the relationship between them. Moreover, this can provide a new perspective for the orderly and healthy development of urban and rural space in Chengdu Plain. |
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| Keywords: | Chengdu Plain traditional market town Linpan settlement distribution characteristics Pi County |
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