Atmospheric remote sensing constraints on direct sea-air methane flux from the 22/4b North Sea massive blowout bubble plume |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shkodra, Shkoder, Albania;2. Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Remote Sensing Lab. (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;3. Ciències i Tecnologies de l''Espai - Centre de Recerca de l''Aeronàutica i de l''Espai / Institut d''Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (CTE-CRAE / IEEC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;4. Dpt. of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain;5. Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), Avda. del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain;6. Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France;7. Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal;8. Table Mountain Facility, NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Wrightwood, California, USA;1. Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain;2. Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006, Granada, Spain;3. Atmospheric Sciences Program, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States;4. Physics Instrumentation Center of the General Physics Institute, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia;5. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 20771, Greenbelt, MD, United States |
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| Abstract: | A new airborne remote sensing approach to estimate an upper limit of the direct sea-air methane emission flux was applied over the 22/4b blowout site located at N57.92°, E1.63° in the North Sea. Passive remote sensing data using sunglint/sunglitter geometry were collected during instrumental tests with the Methane Airborne MAPper – MAMAP – instrument installed aboard the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Polar-5 aircraft on 3. June 2011. MAMAP is a passive short wave infrared (SWIR) remote sensing spectrometer for airborne measurements and retrieval of the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) and carbon dioxide (XCO2). In addition to MAMAP a fast CH4 in-situ analyzer (Los-Gatos Research Inc. RMT-200), two 5-hole turbulence probes and the Polar-5 basic sensor suite comprising different temperature, pressure, humidity and camera sensors were installed aboard the aircraft. The collected MAMAP remote sensing data acquired in the vicinity of the 22/4b blowout site showed no detectable increase in the derived XCH4 (with respect to the atmospheric background). Based on the absence of a detectable XCH4 column increase, an approximate top-down upper-limit for the direct atmospheric 22/4b blowout CH4 emissions from the main bubble plume of less than 10 ktCH4/yr has been derived. The constraint has been determined by comparing XCH4 information derived by the remote sensing measurements with results obtained from a Gaussian plume forward model simulation taking into account the actual flight track, the instrument sensitivity and measurement geometry, as well as the prevailing atmospheric conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Remote sensing Glint Aircraft Methane Blowout Emission estimate |
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