Combining geographic information systems and ethnography to better understand and plan ocean space use |
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| Institution: | 1. Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, USA;2. Oregon State University/Oregon Sea Grant, USA;3. University of California, San Diego, California Sea Grant Extension Program, USA;4. University of California, Santa Cruz, Institute of Marine Sciences, USA;5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant College Program, USA;6. Environmental Systems Research Institute, USA;1. Centro de Oceanografia, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal;2. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516-9721, USA;3. IN+, Centro de Estudos em Inovação, Tecnologia e Políticas de Desenvolvimento, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;4. e-GEO, Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Planeamento Regional, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de Berna 26-C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, 673 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Geography and Economics, College of Education, Dar es Salaam University, PO Box 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;3. Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI, USA;1. Department of Geography, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4493, United States;2. HDR, Inc., 8690 Balboa Ave., San Diego, CA 92123, United States;3. Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, 1832 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States;1. AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;2. TI Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;3. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, 7 Place Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France;1. Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. China Institute for Marine Affairs, State Oceanic Administration, 1# Fuxingmenwai Avenue, Beijing 100860, China |
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| Abstract: | Agencies in the US with oversight for marine renewable energy development idealistically have sought space where this new use might proceed unhindered by other uses. Despite experiential evidence of spatial overlap among existing ocean uses, a lack of documentation made the identification of potential space-use conflicts, communication between existing and potential ocean users, and the design of mitigation exceedingly challenging.We conducted a study along the US Atlantic and Pacific coasts to gather and document available spatial information on existing use through a compilation and organization of geographic information system (GIS) data. Stakeholder group meetings were used to vet the collected spatial data, and ethnographic interviews were conducted to gather knowledge and cultural perspectives. Results show extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses and provide a visualization of the social and cultural landscape of the ocean that managers can use to determine which stakeholders to engage.Marine resource managers are encouraged to recognize that marine space use is dynamic and multi-dimensional and as such research thereof requires a balance between the efficiency of GIS and the stories captured and told by ethnographic research. There are important linkages within and across fisheries and other uses, communities and interests, and across the land–sea interface. Therefore, it is important to use techniques demonstrated in this research that (1) integrate ethnographic and geospatial data collection and analysis; (2) engage stakeholders throughout the process; and (3) recognize the unique qualities of each geographic location and user group to support sound decision-making. |
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| Keywords: | Ethnography GIS Marine spatial planning Ocean space use P-GIS Participatory mapping |
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