The influence of recultivation technique and seed mixture on erosion stability after restoration in mountain environment |
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| Authors: | Bernhard Krautzer Wilhelm Graiss Giovanni Peratoner Christian Partl Sonia Venerus Brigitte Klug |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute for Plant Production and Cultural Landscape, Department for Ecological Restoration,Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein,Irdning,Austria;2.Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung, Landwirtschaftliches Versuchswesen,Boden- und Pflanzenschutz,Innsbruck,Austria;3.Section Mountain Agriculture,Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg,Pfatten/Vadena, Auer (BZ),Italy;4.SAASD Settore Agricoltura Aziende Sperimentali Dimostrative Provincia di Pordenone,Pordenone,Italy;5.Institute for Botany,University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna,Vienna,Austria |
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| Abstract: | Control of erosion, and all of its after effects, from increased surface drainage and erosion to the formation of karst, is
one of the essential problems when undertaking recultivation following necessary interventions in the sub-alpine and alpine
vegetation stage (high zones). Average slope inclinations of 30–45% in the vicinity of ski runs, and far above in areas of
natural erosion and avalanche zones, make restoration processes with sufficient erosion protection the prerequisite for success.
Only a sufficient vegetation development of more than 70% ground cover stabilises the topsoil in the long term and reduces
soil erosion to an acceptable degree. From 1999 to 2002, an international EU project with the participation of research groups
and private firms from Austria, Italy and Germany was carried out under the direction of the Agricultural Research and Education
Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein (AREC) on five different Alpine sites at altitudes from 1,245 to 2,350 m above sea level. The
aim of the work was the formulation of practice-relevant requirements for recultivation following intervention in high zones,
especially following constructional measures in the vicinity of ski runs and lifts, torrent- and avalanche barriers. In a
statistical comparison, the relationship between restoration techniques, seed mixtures of differing ecological value and vegetation
cover was observed. The influence of application technique on erosion processes after restoration was obvious for the first
two vegetation periods. Only with the additional use of mulch covers could increase surface drainage and noticeable soil loss
be avoided. At high altitudes, the choice of seed mixture, irrespective of whether rapid or slow growing and independent of
the extent of accompanying fertilisation, had no significance in the first two vegetation periods following sowing. In the
following growing seasons, however, higher cover values were obtained with site-specific seed mixtures at three of the five
experimental sites. While few species of the commercial seed mixture showed satisfactory persistency, most of the grasses
and in particular the alpine leguminosae of site-specific seed mixtures increased their share during the observation period.
In the long-term, sufficient protection against erosion is only guaranteed by the use of stable, enduring and ecologically
adapted species. |
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