Influence of lake water pH and alkalinity on the distribution of core and intact polar branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in lakes |
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| Institution: | 1. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;2. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands;3. Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA;4. Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK;2. School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;3. Institute of Geography and the Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland;4. Ghent University, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium;1. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Europôle Méditerranéen de l''Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France;2. Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France;3. Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Europôle Méditerranéen de l''Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France;4. Venède, 48000 Mende, France;1. MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Hadal Science and Technology Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;5. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;2. Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;1. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;3. MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China;4. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China;5. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;1. Brown University, Department of Geological Sciences, 324 Brook St., Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA;2. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;3. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands;4. University of Utrecht, Faculty of Geosciences, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are bacterial membrane lipids, ubiquitously present in soils and peat bogs, as well as in rivers, lakes and lake sediments. Their distribution in soil is controlled mainly by pH and mean annual air temperature, but the controls on their distribution in lake sediments are less well understood. Several studies have found a relationship between the distribution of branched GDGTs in lake sediments and average lake water pH, suggesting an aquatic source for them, besides that for soil transported to the lake via erosion. We sampled the surface water suspended particulate matter (SPM) from 23 lakes in Minnesota and Iowa (USA), that vary widely in pH, alkalinity and trophic state. The SPM was analyzed for the concentration and distributions of core lipid (presumed fossil origin) and intact polar lipid (IPL, presumed to derive from living cells) branched GDGTs. The presence of substantial amounts (18–48%) of IPL-derived branched GDGTs suggests that branched GDGTs are likely of autochthonous origin. Temperature estimates based on their distribution using lake-specific calibrations agree reasonably with water temperature at time of sampling and average air temperature of the season of sampling. Importantly, a strong correlation between the distribution of branched GDGTs and lake water pH was found (r2 0.72), in agreement with a predominant in situ production. An stronger correlation was found with lake water alkalinity (r2 0.83), although the underlying mechanism that controls the relationship is not understood. Our results raise the potential for reconstructing pH/alkalinity of past lake environments, which could provide important knowledge on past developments in lake water chemistry. |
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