| TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS EFFICIENCY：MID-LEVEL VERSUS BOTTOM VORTEX |
| |
| 引用本文： | 葛旭阳,李天明,彭顺台.TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS EFFICIENCY：MID-LEVEL VERSUS BOTTOM VORTEX[J].热带气象学报(英文版),2013,19(3):197-213. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 葛旭阳 李天明 彭顺台 |
| |
| 作者单位： | Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA;Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA;Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, USA |
| |
| 基金项目： | Office of Naval Research (N000140810256, N000141010774); National Science Foundation of China (41075037); Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA (NNX07AG53G); NOAA (NA17RJ1230) |
| |
| 摘 要： | Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone(TC)genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex(EBV)and an environment with a mid-level vortex(EMV).Sensitivity experiments show that the genesis timing depends greatly on initial vorticity vertical profiles.The larger the initial column integrated absolute vorticity,the greater the genesis efficiency is.Given the same column integrated absolute vorticity,a bottom vortex has higher genesis efficiency than a mid-level vortex.A common feature among these experiments is the formation of a mid-level vorticity maximum prior to TC genesis irrespective where the initial vorticity maximum locates.Both the EMV and EBV scenarios share the following development characteristics:1)a transition from non-organized cumulus-scale(~5 km)convective cells into an organized meso-vortex-scale(~50 to 100 km)system through upscale cascade processes,2)the establishment of a nearly saturated air column prior to a rapid drop of the central minimum pressure,and 3)a multiple convective-stratiform phase transition.A genesis efficiency index(GEI)is formulated that includes the following factors:initial column integrated absolute vorticity,vorticity at top of the boundary layer and vertically integrated relative humidity.The calculated GEI reflects well the simulated genesis efficiency and thus may be used to estimate how fast a tropical disturbance develops into a TC.
|
| 关 键 词： | tropical cyclone genesis mid-level vortex near bottom vortex genesis efficiency cyclogenesis time |
| 收稿时间： | 2012/4/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013/5/21 0:00:00 |
TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS EFFICIENCY:MID-LEVEL VERSUS BOTTOM VORTEX |
| |
| GE Xu-yang,Tim LI and Melinda S. PENG.TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS EFFICIENCY:MID-LEVEL VERSUS BOTTOM VORTEX[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2013,19(3):197-213. |
| |
| Authors: | GE Xu-yang Tim LI and Melinda S PENG |
| |
| Institution: | Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA;Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA;Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone (TC) genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex (EBV) and an environment with a mid-level vortex (EMV). Sensitivity experiments show that the genesis timing depends greatly on initial vorticity vertical profiles. The larger the initial column integrated absolute vorticity, the greater the genesis efficiency is. Given the same column integrated absolute vorticity, a bottom vortex has higher genesis efficiency than a mid-level vortex. A common feature among these experiments is the formation of a mid-level vorticity maximum prior to TC genesis irrespective where the initial vorticity maximum locates. Both the EMV and EBV scenarios share the following development characteristics: 1) a transition from non-organized cumulus-scale (~5 km) convective cells into an organized meso-vortex-scale (~50 to 100 km) system through upscale cascade processes, 2) the establishment of a nearly saturated air column prior to a rapid drop of the central minimum pressure, and 3) a multiple convective-stratiform phase transition. A genesis efficiency index (GEI) is formulated that includes the following factors: initial column integrated absolute vorticity, vorticity at top of the boundary layer and vertically integrated relative humidity. The calculated GEI reflects well the simulated genesis efficiency and thus may be used to estimate how fast a tropical disturbance develops into a TC. |
| |
| Keywords: | tropical cyclone genesis mid-level vortex near bottom vortex genesis efficiency cyclogenesis time |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《热带气象学报(英文版)》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《热带气象学报(英文版)》下载免费的PDF全文 |
