| 基于伯特兰德均衡和智猪博弈的寡头景区竞合策略研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗浩,陈浩,曹靖.基于伯特兰德均衡和智猪博弈的寡头景区竞合策略研究[J].地理科学,2012(7):784-789. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗浩 陈浩 曹靖 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学管理学院;中山大学旅游发展与规划中心;广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41171112)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 近些年来,旅游地之间的竞争与合作一直是旅游研究的热点问题。从博弈论的角度切入,通过建立伯特兰德模型,分析在寡头垄断环境下景区的竞争策略,确定均衡条件下的最优门票价格;通过引入"智猪博弈"模型,以旅游基础设施投资为例,分析了几种不同情况下景区间的合作关系,提出在景区实力较悬殊的情况下,小景区存在通过搭便车增加自身游客量的方法;而在其他几种情况中,景区间可能分摊投资费用或者都不愿投资;最后,通过对阿坝和皖南两个案例的讨论,初步验证了提出的理论观点。
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| 关 键 词： | 寡头景区 竞合策略 伯特兰德均衡 智猪博弈 |
Competition and Cooperation of Scenic Areas in Oligopoly: A Perspective of Bertrand Equilibrium and Boxed Pigs Game |
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| LUO Hao,CHEN Hao,CAO Jing.Competition and Cooperation of Scenic Areas in Oligopoly: A Perspective of Bertrand Equilibrium and Boxed Pigs Game[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012(7):784-789. |
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| Authors: | LUO Hao CHEN Hao CAO Jing |
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| Institution: | 1.Business School,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China;2.Tourism Development and Planning Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China;3.Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510060,China) |
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| Abstract: | Competition and cooperation of tourism destinations have been widely discussed for both academics and tourism practitioners.This article aims to examine the competition and cooperation relationship of oligopoly scenic areas from a game theory perspective.In particular,Bertrand model is firstly employed to analyze the competitive strategy of scenic areas under oligopoly environment,and the optimal ticket price under equilibrium is further identified.Secondly,boxed pigs game model is introduced to examine the cooperation of scenic areas for infrastructure investment under different scenarios.The results indicate that under the scenario that significant difference exists in the competitive power of scenic areas,the scenic areas with less competitive power are capable of increasing their tourist arrivals by free riding,whereas for other scenarios,all scenic areas involved either prefer to share the investment cost together or be not willing to invest at all.Finally,the theoretical conclusions are verified by the analysis on the two cases of Ngawa and the Southern Anhui in China.Here the Game theory is introduced to market behavior analysis of tourist attraction.Based on Bertrand equilibrium and boxed pigs game model,this artcile discusses the competition and cooperation of scenic areas under different scenarios.The results indicates that when the competitive powers among scenic areas are significantly different,then in the short term,the best competitive strategy for the scenic areas with less competitive power is to follow the prices established by the scenic areas with greater competitive powers.In the long term,tourist areas with less competitive power could improve themselves by promoting their brands,emphasizing the product difference,and being a free rider regarding with investing in infrastructure construction and promoting in potential tourist source markets.As for two scenic areas with similar competitive powers,they could enhance their competitive advantages by cooperation on branding and marketing the tourism destination as a whole,constructing internal transportation network together,and sharing human resources,information and other resources.This article analyzes the competition and cooperation under the assumption of complete market economy environment.Therefore,each scenic area is treated as an independent rational economic man and the impact of government is not considered.However in China,the governments play important roles in tourism market.For example,they are often the owners and managers of some scenic areas;they act as the supervisors and regulators of price competition in the tourism market;and they are largely involved in the cooperation amongst scenic areas,promotion of tourism destination and investment of tourism infrastructure.In the future,the impact of government on the cooperation and competition relationship between scenic areas could be further examined.Moreover,this study analyzes the competition and cooperation for the duopoly market structure.In the future other market structures should be also considered. |
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| Keywords: | oligopoly scenic area competition and cooperation Bertrand model boxed pigs game |
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