Structural control of groundwater flow regimes and groundwater chemistry along the lower reaches of the Zerka River,West Jordan,using remote sensing,GIS, and field methods |
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Authors: | Taleb Odeh Elias Salameh Mario Schirmer Gerhard Strauch |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Hydrogeology,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ,Halle,Germany;2.Department of Geology,University of Jordan,Amman,Jordan;3.Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water,Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology,Dübendorf,Switzerland;4.Department of Hydrogeology,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ,Leipzig,Germany |
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Abstract: | A hydrogeological study was completed within a sub-catchment of the Zerka River drainage basin, in western Jordan. The system
is characterized by anticlinal bending with an axis trending SSW–NNE and plunging a few degrees in the SSW direction. The
anticlinal structure diverts groundwater flow towards the SSW while the strike-slipe faults cause the groundwater to diverge
where the fault is perpendicular to the groundwater flow lines, and to converge where the fault is parallel to the groundwater
flow lines. A direct relationship was found between the location of springs and the type of groundwater flow with regard to
the amount of discharge wherein large spring discharges are located in zones of converging groundwater flow lines. In areas
where faults are not abundant, the groundwater retention time in the aquifers is long and a zonation of the electrical conductivity
was detected due to mineral dissolution. By controlling groundwater flow, the anticlinal setting produces three genetic groups
of groundwater flow systems: (1) alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately a bicarbonate-type composition, (2)
alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately bicarbonate–sulfate, and (3) alkaline–earth alkaline water with a high
alkaline component. |
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