Wavelet-based variability of Yellow River discharge at 500-, 100-, and 50-year timescales |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King''s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;3. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;4. Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;5. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 683000, Russia;6. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;7. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;8. Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulan-Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia;9. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Water scarcity in the Yellow River, China, has become increasingly severe over the past half century. In this paper, wavelet transform analysis was used to detect the variability of natural, observed, and reconstructed streamflow in the Yellow River at 500-, 100-, and 50-year timescales. The periodicity of the streamflow series and the co-varying relationships between streamflow and atmospheric circulation indices/sunspot number were assessed by means of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analyses. The CWT results showed intermittent oscillations in streamflow with increasing periodicities of 1–6 years at all timescales. Significant multidecadal and century-scale periodicities were identified in the 500-year streamflow series. The WTC results showed intermittent interannual covariance of streamflow with atmospheric circulation indices and sunspots. At the 50-year timescale, there were significant decadal oscillations between streamflow and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and bidecadal oscillations with the PDO. At the 100-year timescale, there were significant decadal oscillations between streamflow and Niño 3.4, the AO, and sunspots. At the 500-year timescale, streamflow in the middle reaches of the Yellow River showed prominent covariance with the AO with an approximately 32-year periodicity, and with sunspots with an approximately 80-year periodicity. Atmospheric circulation indices modulate streamflow by affecting temperature and precipitation. Sunspots impact streamflow variability by influencing atmospheric circulation, resulting in abundant precipitation. In general, for both the CWT and the WTC results, the periodicities were spatially continuous, with a few gradual changes from upstream to downstream resulting from the varied topography and runoff. At the temporal scale, the periodicities were generally continuous over short timescales and discontinuous over longer timescales. |
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