Temperature-dependent leaching of chemical elements from mineral water bottle materials |
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| Authors: | Clemens Reimann Manfred Birke Peter Filzmoser |
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| Institution: | 1. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse (NGU), Postbox 6315, Sluppen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany;3. Department of Statistics and Probability Theory, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | It is well established that minute amounts of chemical elements will leach from bottle materials (glass or PET – polyethylene terephthalate) to water stored in such bottles. This study investigated whether leaching increases with storage temperature. For glass bottles this is clearly the case for a long list of elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, U, V, W and Zr. However, for glass bottles drinking water maximum admissible concentration values as defined by European authorities are not exceeded even after 1 week of leaching at 80 °C. The critical temperature limit where leaching substantially increases for many elements appears to be 45 °C. For PET bottles, Sb is the only element where leaching is observed at all temperatures and again leaching strongly increases at 45 °C. For PET bottles Sb concentrations observed in water after 1 week storage at 80 °C reach almost four times the maximum admissible concentration values for drinking water but do not exceed the relevant higher limit for food (including water) packaged in PET. |
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