| 甘肃黄土高原40a来土壤水分蒸散量变化特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚小英,蒲金涌,王澄海,宋连春,邓振镛,冯建英,刘晓强.甘肃黄土高原40a来土壤水分蒸散量变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(1):126-130. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚小英 蒲金涌 王澄海 宋连春 邓振镛 冯建英 刘晓强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国气象局, 兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 中国气象局, 干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室, 甘肃, 兰州, 730020;
2. 天水市气象局, 甘肃, 天水, 741000;
3. 天水农业气象试验站, 甘肃, 天水, 741020;
4. 兰州大学, 大气科学学院, 甘肃, 兰州, 730000;
5. 甘肃省气象局, 甘肃, 兰州, 730020 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部科学技术研究项目
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中国科学技术部科研院所社会公益研究专项
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甘肃省科技攻关项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 用Penman公式计算了甘肃黄土高原20世纪60-90年代40 a来的潜在蒸散值,分析了潜在蒸散的时空变化特征并与蒸发皿所测值进行比较.结果表明:甘肃黄土高原潜在蒸散值的分布与纬度关系比较密切,随纬度的升高,潜在蒸散值增多,变化范围为1 600-2 200 mm·a-1;潜在蒸散值受气温、降水的支配比较大,80年代最小,其次为70、60年代,90年代最大.60-90年代各地潜在蒸散值比实测值高30%-40%,其中夏、秋季潜在蒸散均大于蒸发器所测值,以夏季相差最大,达40%-100%;冬季则小于蒸发器所测值.潜在蒸散量与蒸发器所测值虽在数值上有所差别,但趋势基本一致,蒸发器所测值的峰值变化落后于理论计算值0.5月.90年代以来,各地土壤水分亏缺值增多,植被生长季节,作物水分利用都未及最适宜状态.
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| 关 键 词： | 甘肃黄土高原 土壤水 蒸散发 时空变化 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0240(2007)01-0126-05 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-07-27 |
| 修稿时间： | 07 27 2006 12:00AM |
Variations in Evapotranspiration of Soil Moisture in Gansu Loess Plateau in the Recent 40 Years |
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| YAO Xiao-ying,PU Jin-yong,WANG Cheng-hai,SONG Lian-chun,DEN Zhen-yong,FENG Jian-ying,LIU Xiao-qiang.Variations in Evapotranspiration of Soil Moisture in Gansu Loess Plateau in the Recent 40 Years[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(1):126-130. |
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| Authors: | YAO Xiao-ying PU Jin-yong WANG Cheng-hai SONG Lian-chun DEN Zhen-yong FENG Jian-ying LIU Xiao-qiang |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Desaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China ; 2. Tianshui Meteorology Bureau, Tianshui Gansu 741000, China ; 3. The Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Tianshui , Tianshui Gansu 741020 ; 4. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China ; 5. Gansu Meteorology Bureau, LanzhouGansu 730020, China |
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| Abstract: | The potential evapotranspirations for seven weather stations located on the Gansu Loess Plateau from 1961 to 2000 have been caculalted from Peman formula.A comparison between the potential evapotranspirations and the evapotranspirations observed by evaporation pan has been made.Then the characteristics of spatial and temporal variations have been analyzed.The result showed that the potential evapotranspiration increases close with latitude,with a changing range of 1 600-2 200 mm\5a-1.The potential evapotranspiration is mainly controlled by temperature and precipitation,with a maximum in the 1990s,a minimum in the 1980s,middle in the 1970s and 1960s.The potential evapotranspiration is higher than the observed one by 30%-40% during 1961-2000.It also can be seen that the potential evapotranspiration is higher than the observed one in summer and autumn,reaching 40%-100% in summer.However,in winter it is lower than the observed one.The tendencies of potential and observed evapotranspirations are basically consistent,but the observed one has a delay of 0.5 month as compared with the potential one.Since the 1990s,the farmland soil moisture content has always in an unfavorable condition and the utilization of soil moisture has not attained a suitable condition during crop growth period in Gansu Loess Plateau. |
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| Keywords: | Gansu Loess Plateau soil water evapotranspiration spatial and temporal variation |
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