Supergene sulphides and related minerals in the supergene profiles of VHMS deposits from the South Urals |
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| Authors: | EV Belogub KA Novoselov VA Yakovleva B Spiro |
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| Institution: | aInstitute of Mineralogy, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Miass, Russia;bGeological Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia;cNatural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The mineralogy and structure of the supergene profile in recently-exploited volcaniс hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposits of Cyprus, Uralian and Kuroko type in the South Urals, Russia, have been studied. Specific subzones enriched in secondary sulphides and associated minerals have been distinguished in residual pyrite and quartz–pyrite sands at the Gayskoye, Zapadno-Ozernoye, Dzhusinskoye and Alexandrinskoye deposits. Besides minerals which are common to the cementation subzones (covellite, chalcocite and acanthite), non-stoichiometric colloform and framboidal pyrite, pyrite–dzharkenite, pyrrhotite-like and jordanite-like minerals, metacinnabar, sphalerite, selenium-enriched tetrahedrite and unidentified As-, Sb sulphosalts of Pb or Hg and Ag, sulphur-bearing clausthalite, naumannite and tiemannite were also found. Secondary sulphide minerals in VHMS deposits of the South Urals region are characterized by light sulphur isotope compositions (− 8.1 to − 17.2‰). Superposition of the advanced oxidation of colloform pyrite, an enrichment in impurities (sphalerite, galena, and tennantite) from the primary ores, stagnant water conditions, an elevation of the water table during oxidation, and bacterial activity led to supergene concentrations of the base metals as sulphide, selenides or sulphosalts. |
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| Keywords: | Volcaniс -hosted massive sulphide deposits Urals Supergene zoning Sulphide Selenide Sulphosalts Sulphur isotopes |
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