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A multi-trial diagnostic tool in fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) skin biopsies of the Pelagos Sanctuary (Mediterranean Sea) and the Gulf of California (Mexico)
Institution:1. Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA;3. Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China;1. Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy;2. Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, Viale dell''Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;1. Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;2. Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy;4. Tiburon Ballena Mexico proyecto de ConCiencia Mexico AC, La Paz, BCS, Mexico;1. JHT, Inc. under contract to Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC, United States;2. Charleston Computational Genomics Group, Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States;3. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States;4. Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pascagoula, MS, United States;5. National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States;6. Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States;7. Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States;8. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC, United States
Abstract:The main objective of this study was to apply a set of sensitive non-lethal biomarkers in skin biopsies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) to evaluate the toxicological status of this mysticete in the Pelagos Sanctuary (Mediterranean Sea) and in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez-Mexico). We developed a “multi-trial diagnostic tool” (based on field and in vitro studies), combining molecular biomarkers (western blot of CYP1A1, CYP2B) and gene expression (qRT-PCR of HSP70, ERα, AHR, E2F-1) with the analysis of OCs, PAHs and PBDEs. The study revealed a higher level of toxicological stress in the Mediterranean fin whales.
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