Formation of High-Alkali Groundwater in Upper Aquifers |
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| Authors: | Krainov S R Belousova A P Ryzhenko B N |
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| Institution: | (1) All-Russia Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, pos. Zelenyi, Noginskii raion, Moscow oblast, 142452, Russia;(2) Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia;(3) Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 19, Moscow, 117975, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Generalized observational data on groundwater chemistry and the results of modeling geochemical processes allowed us to establish that the formation of high-carbonate alkaline waters follows two ways, i.e., calcium and soda. It is shown that the formation of alkaline waters in semiarid and arid zones can be facilitated by acid atmospheric precipitation, which forms the concentration of Ca in groundwater sufficiently high to initiate ion exchange processes resulting in the formation of H2CO3–Na waters. Ion exchange is shown to be a boundary process, which facilitates the transition from calcium to soda way of groundwater metamorphization with subsequent increase in the carbonate content and alkalinity of groundwater. |
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