Quality Assessment of Southeast Nile Delta Groundwater for Irrigation |
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| Authors: | Mohamed Galal Eltarabily Abdelazim M Negm Chihiro Yoshimura Sommer Abdel-Abdel-Fattah Oliver C Saavedra |
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| Institution: | 1.Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,Port Said University,Port Fouad, Port Said Governorate,Egypt;2.Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Zagazig University,Zagazig, Al Sharqia Governorate,Egypt;3.Civil Engineering Dept., School of Engineering,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan;4.McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada;5.Universidad Privada Boliviana,Cochabamba,Bolivia |
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| Abstract: | The Nile Delta aquifer has deteriorated in the quality of the groundwater due to domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. In order to examine this, a dataset of thirty-one shallow groundwater samples and four surface water samples were collected in May 2014. The objective of our study is to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater at El-Khanka region in El-Qalubia governorate, southern Nile Delta to discuss the possibility of groundwater use for agricultural purpose. Groundwater types were defined, and the suitability for use in irrigation was evaluated. The factor analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between the thirteen variables for exploring the loading of them in the model. Then, the principal component analysis was performed to identify the linear combination of variables that account for the greatest amount of common variance. Results showed that groundwater samples are mainly alkaline with an average pH value of 8.60. The total dissolved solids (TDS) range from 350 to 1456 mg/L. The highest concentrations of the anions and cations are sulfate (\(\rm{SO}_4^{2-}\)) and sodium (Na+) respectively. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) is less than 1.25 meq/L. Also, all groundwater samples are located in good and permissible salinity with TDS < 1500 mg/L. In addition, all samples are located in the low sodium hazard zone where sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is less than 10. Therefore, it is concluded that, the groundwater is suitable for irrigation use in El-Qalubia Governorate. Four factors with Eigenvalues above 1.0 which correlated to each other contributed to the model with 81% of the total variance and governed the spatial variability of the aquifer. |
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