Biodiversity and abundance patterns of rock encrusting fauna in a temperate fjord |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Burgo das Nacións s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. GAME-IDEGA and Department of Economics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Burgo das Nacións s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell?Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italia;2. The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;3. GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d’Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;4. CEFREM, UMR CNRS 5110, CNRS-Univ. Perpignan, Perpignan, France;5. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale I, Napoli, Italia;1. Graduate School, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;2. Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;3. Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand;4. Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;5. Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence, Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Australia;1. Université de Lorraine, UMR Institut Elie Cartan, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;2. INRA, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, F-54280 Champenoux, France;3. CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34060 Montpellier, France;4. CATIE, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center, 7170 Turrialba, Costa Rica;5. Departamento Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, UNESP, Botucatu, SP 18610-307, Brazil;6. USP, Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, IAG, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil;7. Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, Orsay F-91405, France |
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| Abstract: | Fjords are semi-enclosed systems often with usually strong physical and chemical gradients. These gradients provide the opportunity to test the influence of various physical and chemical factors on biodiversity. However study area of this investigation, Trondheimsfjord, is a large water body where especially salinity gradient along the fjord is not well pronounced. The goal of this study was to establish within a temperate fjord a baseline identifying encrusting fauna on rocks and determine the factors driving changes along the length of the fjord and changing depths. There was no trend in species composition change and increase or decrease in number of species, diversity and number of individuals along the fjord. This was likely due to the relative homogeneity of both substrate (rocks) and environmental parameters. Nevertheless, the influence of fresh water inflow in the vicinity of the river mouth was apparent by the presence of characteristic brackish-water species at these locations. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed three separate assemblages: intertidal, shallow and deep subtidal (below 50 m). Intertidal assemblages were species poor (one to 11 species) but relatively abundant (six to 2374 indiv./m2 of rocks). Number of individuals and biomass was highest in the shallow subtidal (2059–13,587 indiv./m2 of rocks). Overall the highest species number (45) was recorded at 50 m depth which is probably result of low competition pressure yet still relatively high nutrient concentration in comparison to shallower locations. Environmental parameters (i.e., tidal currents, wave action, salinity) change more drastically with depth than along the fjord and these changes are the major driving forces in shaping encrusting assemblages in Trondheimsfjord. |
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| Keywords: | North Atlantic Trondheimsfjord Fjord Rocks Biodiversity |
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