In vitro and in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase by metals in zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
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| Institution: | 1. Fishery and Agribusiness Resource Coordination (Coordenação de Recursos Pesqueiros e Agronegócio), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Coordination of Biological Sciences (Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Social, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (Instituto Sócio Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos), Federal Rural University of Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia), Belém, Pará, Brazil;4. Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory (Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental - LaNEx), Hospital Universitário Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brazil;5. Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Umuarama Campus, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;2. Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Campus Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;3. Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Geography, Department of Geography, Campus Santa Mônica, CEP 38405-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;4. Federal University of São Paulo—USP, Institute of Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Campus Santa Mônica, CEP 38405-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;1. Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India;2. Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India |
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| Abstract: | Metals are natural components in ecosystems; however, if these elements are in excess, they can have adverse effects on living organisms. This study analyzes the interference of copper, lead, iron and cadmium in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities in zebrafish. AChE was significantly inhibited in vitro by copper, iron, lead and cadmium at higher concentrations (10 and 20 mmol/L), whereas CbE was inhibited only at a concentration of 20 mmol/L. In vivo, only lead and cadmium were able to cause AChE inhibition at higher concentrations, while iron didn't cause any changes, and copper promoted an increase in AChE activity at a concentration of 0.06 mg/L. CbE activity did not change at any of the times (two and seven days) and concentrations tested, except in the case of copper exposure, which resulted in a decrease in CbE activity. Indeed, iodoacetamide treatment didn't changed AChE neither CbE activities, results which indicate that the metal inhibiting effect is probably not due to its biding to thiol groups close the active site of the enzyme. This outcome reveals that metals are important esterase inhibitors in zebrafish, and should be considered in environmental monitoring studies that use esterase inhibition as exposure biomarkers of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. |
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