Biodiversity,roads, & landscape fragmentation: Two Mediterranean cases |
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| Institution: | 1. Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, GIS and Remote Sensing Unit, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'' Adige, TN, Italy;2. Laboratory of Ecology DICAM - Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;3. CNR-IRPI, Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica, Via Madonna Alta 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy;4. Via Berardenga 3, 53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy;1. Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China;2. School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia;3. Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China;4. Fauna & Flora International, Myanmar Programme, Sanchaung Township, 11111, Yangon, Myanmar;5. Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA;6. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal;7. Nujiang Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Dali, Yunnan, 673100, China;1. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;2. Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. da República, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;3. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;4. University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;1. Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;2. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;3. Department of Civil and Disaster Prevention Engineering, National United University, Taiwan;4. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;1. Department of Environmental Horticulture, CLCE, IFAS, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL, 33598, United States;2. Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, 32351, United States;3. Philadelphia Field Station, USDA Forest Service, 100 N 20th St. Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, United States;4. Department of Environmental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, West Florida Research and Education Center, 5988 Highway 90, Milton, FL, 32583, United States |
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| Abstract: | The most pervasive threats to biological diversity are directly or indirectly linked to the road networks. For this reason, over the last few decades, interest in the study of the ecological characteristics of the edges associated with roads has increased. This work aims to investigate the effect of roads as a human-induced disturbance on the plant diversity in two managed Mediterranean forest sites, focusing on the responses of plants species richness, evenness, composition and taxonomic diversity.A stratified random sampling was performed in two protected areas located in Tuscany, Central Italy. The species richness, composition and abundance were measured in 53·20 × 20 m plots. Ordinary Least Square and quantile regressions were used to study the effect of the roads on species richness, evenness and taxonomic distinctness, and redundancy analysis was used to examine the species composition. Generalized linear models in conjunction with an Information Criterion-based approach to model selection were used to test the role of road distance in the structure of forest plant biodiversity.Our findings indicated a clear relationship between road distance and different plant biodiversity facets, which showed its maximum effect in the first 0–20 m forest-to-road segment and a mitigation after the 200 m threshold. Furthermore, the presence and abundance of many key forest species, such as Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba, were influenced more by the road distance than by other environmental gradients. The few remnants of core forest habitats in the Mediterranean basin highlight the need to recognize that road construction and maintenance have several ecological implications and accordingly require long-term monitoring programs. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity conservation Edge effect Forest fragmentation Plant species diversity Road ecology Road verge |
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